Past Algebraic Geometry Seminar

Motivic homotopy theory gives a way of viewing algebraic varieties and topological spaces as objects in the same category, where homotopies are parametrised  by the affine line.  In particular, there is a notion of $\mathbb A^1$ contractible varieties.  Affine spaces are $\mathbb A^1$ contractible by definition.  The Koras-Russell threefold KR defined by the equation $x + x^2y + z^2 + t^3 = 0$ in $\mathbb A^4$ is the first nontrivial example of an $\mathbb A^1$ contractible smooth affine variety.  We will discuss this example in some detail, and speculate on whether one can use motivic homotopy theory to distinguish between KR and $\mathbb A^3$.

We give a description of the category of ordinary K3 surfaces over a finite field in terms of linear algebra data over Z. This gives an analogue for K3 surfaces of Deligne's description of the category of ordinary abelian varieties over a finite field, and refines earlier work by N.O. Nygaard and J.-D. Yu. Two important ingredients in the proof are integral p-adic Hodge theory, and a description of CM points on Shimura stacks in terms of associated Galois representations. References: arXiv:1711.09225, arXiv:1707.01236.

Varieties admitting Frobenius splittings exhibit very nice properties.
For example, many nice properties of toric varieties can be deduced from
the fact that they are Frobenius split. Varieties admitting a diagonal
splitting exhibit even nicer properties. In this talk I will give an
overview over the consequences of the existence of such splittings and
then discuss criteria for toric varieties to be diagonally split.

Given a smooth variety X containing a smooth divisor Y, the relative Gromov-Witten invariants of (X,Y) are defined as certain counts of algebraic curves in X with specified orders of tangency to Y. Their intrinsic interest aside, they are an important part of any Gromov-Witten theorist’s toolkit, thanks to their role in the celebrated “degeneration formula.” In recent years these invariants have been significantly generalised, using techniques in logarithmic geometry. The resulting “log Gromov-Witten invariants” are defined for a large class of targets, and in particular give a rigorous definition of relative invariants for (X,D) where D is a normal crossings divisor. Besides being more general, these numbers are  intimately related to constructions in Mirror Symmetry, via the Gross-Siebert program. In this talk, we will describe a recursive formula for computing the invariants of (X,D) in genus zero. The result relies on a comparison theorem which expresses the log Gromov-Witten invariants as classical (i.e. non log-geometric) objects.
 

Some natural moduli problems give rise to stacks with infinite stabilizers. I will report on recent work with Dan Edidin where we give a canonical sequence of saturated blow-ups that makes the stabilizers finite. This generalizes earlier work in GIT by Kirwan and Reichstein, and on toric stacks by Edidin-More. Time permitting, I will also mention a recent application to generalized Donaldson-Thomas invariants by Kiem-Li-Savvas.

We study Hilbert schemes of points on a smooth projective Calabi-Yau 4-fold X and define DT4 invariants by integrating the Euler class of a tautological vector bundle against the virtual class. We conjecture a formula for their generating series, which we prove in certain cases when L corresponds to a smooth divisor on X. A parallel equivariant conjecture for toric Calabi-Yau 4-folds is proposed. This conjecture is proved for smooth toric divisors and verified for more general toric divisors in many examples. Combining the equivariant conjecture with a vertex calculation, we find explicit positive rational weights, which can be assigned to solid partitions. The weighted generating function of solid partitions is given by exp(M(q) − 1), where M(q) denotes the MacMahon function. This is joint work with Martijn Kool.

We develop a structure  theory for del Pezzo surfaces that are regular but geometrically non-normal, based on work of Reid, but now independence on the p-degree of the ground field. This leads to existence results, as well as non-existence results for ground fields  of p-degree one. In turn, we  settle questions arising from Koll'ar's analysis on the structure of Mori fiber spaces in dimension three. This is joint work with Andrea Fanelli.

Following Grothendieck's vision that many cohomological invariants of of an algebraic variety should be captured by a common motive, Voevodsky introduced a triangulated category of mixed motives which partially realises this idea. After describing this category, I will explain how to define the motive of certain algebraic stacks in this context. I will then report on joint work in progress with Victoria Hoskins, in which we study the motive of the moduli stack of vector bundles on a smooth projective curve and show that this motive can be described in terms of the motive of this curve and its symmetric powers.
 

Starting from the seminal paper of Caporaso-Harris-Mazur, it has been proved that if Lang's Conjecture holds in arbitrary dimension, then it implies a uniform bound for the number of rational points in a curve of general type and analogue results in higher dimensions. In joint work with Kenny Ascher we prove analogue statements for integral points (or more specifically stably-integral points) on curves of log general type and we extend these to higher dimensions. The techniques rely on very recent developments in the theory of moduli spaces for stable pairs, a higher dimensional analogue of pointed stable curves.
If time permits we will discuss how very interesting problems arise in dimension 2 that are related to the geometry of the log-cotangent bundle.

Let $\mathbb K$ be a field, and $\mathcal M$ be the “projective linear" moduli stack of objects in a suitable $\mathbb K$-linear abelian category  $\mathcal A$ (such as the coherent sheaves coh($X$) on a smooth projective $\mathbb K$-scheme $X$) or triangulated category $\mathcal T$ (such as the derived category $D^b$coh($X$)). I will explain how to define a Lie bracket [ , ] on the homology $H_*({\mathcal M})$ (with a nonstandard grading), making $H_*({\mathcal M})$ into a graded Lie algebra. This is a new variation on the idea of Ringel-Hall algebra.
 There is also a differential-geometric version of this: if $X$ is a compact manifold with a geometric structure giving instanton-type equations (e.g. oriented Riemannian 4-manifold, $G_2$-manifold, Spin(7)-manifold) then we can define Lie brackets both on the homology of the moduli spaces of all $U(n)$ or $SU(n)$ connections on $X$ for all $n$, and on the homology of the moduli spaces of instanton $U(n)$ or $SU(n)$ connections on $X$ for all $n$.
 All this is (at least conjecturally) related to enumerative invariants, virtual cycles, and wall-crossing formulae under change of stability condition.
 Several important classes of invariants in algebraic and differential geometry — (higher rank) Donaldson invariants of 4-manifolds (in particular with $b^2_+=1$), Mochizuki invariants counting semistable coherent sheaves on surfaces, Donaldson-Thomas type invariants for Fano 3-folds and CY 4-folds — are defined by forming virtual classes for moduli spaces of “semistable” objects, and integrating some cohomology classes over them. The virtual classes live in the homology of the “projective linear" moduli stack. Yuuji Tanaka and I are working on a way to define virtual classes counting strictly semistables, as well as just stables / stable pairs. 
 I conjecture that in all these theories, the virtual classes transform under change of stability condition by a universal wall-crossing formula (from my previous work on motivic invariants) in the Lie algebra $(H_*({\mathcal M}), [ , ])$. 

The specialization question for rationality is the following one: assume that very general fibers of a flat proper morphism are rational, does it imply that all fibers are rational? I will talk about recent solution of this question in characteristic zero due to myself and Nicaise, and Kontsevich-Tschinkel. The method relies on a construction of various specialization morphisms for the Grothendieck ring of varieties (stable rationality) and the Burnside ring of varieties (rationality), which in turn rely on the Weak Factorization and Semi-stable Reduction Theorems.

In mirror symmetry, the prepotential on the Kahler side has an expansion, the constant term of which is a rational multiple of zeta(3)/(2 pi i)^3 after an integral symplectic transformation. In this talk I will explain the connection between this constant term and the period of a mixed Hodge-Tate structure constructed from the limit MHS at large complex structure limit on the complex side. From Ayoub’s works on nearby cycle functor, there exists an object of Voevodsky’s category of mixed motives such that the mixed Hodge-Tate structure is expected to be a direct summand of the third cohomology of its Hodge realisation. I will present the connections between this constant term and conjecture about how mixed Tate motives sit inside Voevodsky’s category, which will also provide a motivic interpretation to the occurrence of zeta(3) in prepotential. 

I will introduce a cohomology theory which combines topological and algebraic concepts. Interpretations of certain cohomology groups will be given. We also generalise the construction of the second Stiefel-Whitney class of a line bundle. As I will explain in my talk, the refined Stiefel-Whitney class of the canonical bundle on certain moduli stacks provides an obstruction for the construction of cohomological Hall algebras.

We investigate Néron models of Jacobians of singular curves over strictly Henselian discretely valued fields, and their behaviour under tame base change. For a semiabelian variety, this behaviour is governed by a finite sequence of (a priori) real numbers between 0 and 1, called "jumps". The jumps are conjectured to be rational, which is known in some cases. The purpose of this paper is to prove this conjecture in the case where the semiabelian variety is the Jacobian of a geometrically integral curve with a push-out singularity. Along the way, we prove the conjecture for algebraic tori which are induced along finite separable extensions, and generalize Raynaud's description of the identity component of the Néron model of the Jacobian of a smooth curve (in terms of the Picard functor of a proper, flat, and regular model) to our situation. The main technical result of this paper is that the exact sequence which decomposes the Jacobian of one of our singular curves into its toric and Abelian parts extends to an exact sequence of Néron models. Previously, only split semiabelian varieties were known to have this property.

We consider a generalization of degeneracy loci of morphisms between vector bundles based on orbit closures of algebraic groups in their linear representations. Using a certain crepancy condition on the orbit closure we gain some control over the canonical sheaf in a preferred class of examples. This is notably the case for Richardson nilpotent orbits and partially decomposable skew-symmetric three-forms in six variables. We show how these techniques can be applied to construct Calabi-Yau manifolds and Fano varieties of dimension three and four.

This is a joint work with Vladimiro Benedetti, Laurent Manivel and Fabio Tanturri.

Hilbert's Nullstellensatz asserts the existence of a complex point satisfying lying on a given variety, provided there is no (ideal-theoretic) proof to the contrary.
I will describe an analogue for curves (of unbounded degree), with respect to conditions specifying that they lie on a given smooth variety, and have homology class
near a specified ray.   In particular, an analogue of the Lefschetz principle (relating large positive characteristic to characteristic zero) becomes available for such questions.
The proof is very close to a theorem of  Boucksom-Demailly-Pau-Peternell on moveable curves, but requires a certain sharpening.   This is part of a joint project with Itai Ben Yaacov, investigating the logic of the product formula; the algebro-geometric statement is needed for proving the existential closure of $\Cc(t)^{alg}$ in this language. 

Given a Fano manifold we will consider two ways of attaching a (usually infinite) collection of polytopes, and a certain combinatorial transformation relating them, to it. The first is via Mirror Symmetry, following a proposal of  Coates--Corti--Kasprzyk--Galkin--Golyshev. The second is via symplectic topology, and comes from considering degenerating Lagrangian torus fibrations. We then relate these two collections using the Gross--Siebert program. I will also comment on the situation in higher dimensions, noting particularly that by 'inverting' the second method (degenerating Lagrangian fibrations) we can produce topological constructions of Fano threefolds.
 

Using tropical geometry and new methods in the theory of Fukaya categories, we explain a mirror symmetry equivalence relating the Fukaya category of a hypersurface and the category of coherent sheaves on the boundary of a toric variety.

I will discuss how \zeta(3) occurs in quantum corrections to the Einstein action, and how this causes \zeta(3) to be seen in the moduli space of CY manifolds. I will also draw attention to the fact that the dependence of the moduli space on \zeta(3) has a p-adic analogue.