Past Mathematical Finance Seminar

/notices/events/abstracts/mathematical-finance/tt06/Lokka19May2006.shtml

In the Said Business School

A firm issues a convertible bond. At each subsequent time, the bondholder

must decide whether to continue to hold the bond, thereby collecting coupons, or

to convert it to stock. The bondholder wishes to choose a conversion strategy to

maximize the bond value. Subject to some restrictions, the bond can be called by

the issuing firm, which presumably acts to maximize the equity value of the firm

by minimizing the bond value. This creates a two-person game. We show that if

the coupon rate is below the interest rate times the call price, then conversion

should precede call. On the other hand, if the dividend rate times the call

price is below the coupon rate, call should precede conversion. In either case,

the game reduces to a problem of optimal stopping. This is joint work with Mihai

Sirbu.

1. It can generate flexible credit spread curves.
2. It leads to flexible implied volatility curves, thus providing a link between credit spread and implied volatility.
3. It implies that high tech firms tend to have very little debts.
4. It yields analytical solutions for debt and equity values.

In this talk, we present several numerical issues, that we currently pursue,

related to accurate approximation of option prices. Next to the numerical

solution of the Black-Scholes equation by means of accurate finite differences

and an analytic coordinate transformation, we present results for options under

the Variance Gamma Process with a grid transformation. The techniques are

evaluated for European and American options.

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=472061

We discuss the application of gradient methods to calibrate mean reverting

stochastic volatility models. For this we use formulas based on Girsanov

transformations as well as a modification of the Bismut-Elworthy formula to

compute the derivatives of certain option prices with respect to the

parameters of the model by applying Monte Carlo methods. The article

presents an extension of the ideas to apply Malliavin calculus methods in

the computation of Greek's.

In this talk we discuss the analytic approximation to the loss

distribution of large conditionally independent heterogeneous portfolios. The

loss distribution is approximated by the expectation of some normal

distributions, which provides good overall approximation as well as tail

approximation. The computation is simple and fast as only numerical

integration is needed. The analytic approximation provides an excellent

alternative to some well-known approximation methods. We illustrate these

points with examples, including a bond portfolio with correlated default risk

and interest rate risk. We give an analytic expression for the expected

shortfall and show that VaR and CVaR can be easily computed by solving a

linear programming problem where VaR is the optimal solution and CVaR is the

optimal value.

We develop a methodology to optimally design a financial issue to hedge

non-tradable risk on financial markets.The modeling involves a minimization

of the risk borne by issuer given the constraint imposed by a buyer who

enters the transaction if and only if her risk level remains below a given

threshold. Both agents have also the opportunity to invest all their residual

wealth on financial markets but they do not have the same access to financial

investments. The problem may be reduced to a unique inf-convolution problem

involving some transformation of the initial risk measures.

In Clarendon Lab

We consider an investment model that can operate in two different

modes. The transition from one mode to the other one is immediate and forms a

sequence of costly decisions made by the investment's management. Each of the

two modes is associated with a rate of payoff that is a function of a state

process which can be an economic indicator such as the price of a given

comodity. We model the state process by a general one-dimensional

diffusion. The objective of the problem is to determine the switching

strategy that maximises a long-term average criterion in a pathwise

sense. Our analysis results in analytic solutions that can easily be

computed, and exhibit qualitatively different optimal behaviours.