Georgia Tech USA

The question in the title seems to be neglected in the studies of open dynamical systems. It occurred though that the features of dynamics may play a role comparable to the one played by the size of a hole. For instance, the escape through the smaller hole could be faster than through the larger one.

These studies revealed as well a new role of the periodic orbits in the dynamics which could be exactly quantified in some cases. Moreover, this new approach allows to characterize the elements of networks by their dynamical properties (rather than by static ones like centrality, betweenness, etc.)