The course covers the standard material on nonlinear wave equations, including local existence, breakdown criterion, global existence for small data for semi-linear equations, and Strichartz estimate if time allows.
A 3-manifold fibers over the circle if it can be identified with the mapping torus of a surface homeomorphism. If the surface is compact with non-empty boundary then the corresponding 3-manifold group is free-by-cyclic, and the action of the cyclic group on the free group is induced by the surface homeomorphism. Although most free-by-cyclic groups do not arise as fundamental groups of 3-manifolds which fiber over the circle, there is a strong analogy between the two families.
In this talk I will discuss how dynamical properties of the monodromy affect the geometry/algebra of the corresponding mapping torus. We will see how the same 3-manifold or group can admit multiple fiberings and what properties of the monodromy are known to be preserved under different fiberings.
This talk will be an introduction to L^2 homology, which is roughly "square-summable" homology. We begin by defining the L^2 homology of a G-CW complex (a CW complex with a cellular G-action), and we will discuss some applications of these invariants to group theory and topology. We will then focus on a criterion of Wise, which proves the vanishing of the 2nd L^2 Betti number in combinatorial CW-complexes with elementary methods. If time permits, we will also introduce Wise's energy criterion.
The asymptotic cone of a metric space X is what you see when you "look at X from infinitely far away". The asymptotic cone therefore captures much of the large scale geometry of the metric space. Furthermore, the construction often produces a smooth space from a discrete one, allowing us to apply the techniques of calculus. Notably, Gromov used asymptotic cones in his proof that finitely generated groups of polynomial growth are virtually nilpotent.
In the talk I will define asymptotic cones using the language of ultrafilters and ultralimits. We will then look at the particular cases of asymptotic cones of virtually nilpotent groups and hyperbolic metric spaces. At the end, we will prove a result of Gromov which relates the fundamental group of the asymptotic cone to the filling order of the underlying metric space.
A major tool used to understand manifolds is understanding how different measures of complexity relate to one another. One particularly combinatorial measure of the complexity of a 3-manifold M is the minimal number of tetrahedra in a simplicial complex homeomorphic to M, called the triangulation complexity of M. A natural question is whether we can relate this with more geometric measures of the complexity of a manifold, especially understanding these relationships as combinatorial complexity grows.
In the case when the manifold fibres over the circle, a recent theorem of Marc Lackenby and Jessica Purcell gives both an upper and lower bound on the triangulation complexity in terms of a geometric invariant of the gluing map (its translation length in the triangulation graph). We will discuss this result as well as a new result concerning what happens when we alter the gluing map by a Dehn twist.
The nilpotent orbits of a Lie algebra play a central role in modern representation theory notably cropping up in the Springer correspondence and the fundamental lemma. Their behaviour when the base field is algebraically closed is well understood, however the p-adic case which arises in the study of admissible representations of p-adic groups is considerably more subtle. Their classification was only settled in the late 90s when Barbasch and Moy ('97) and Debacker (’02) developed an ‘affine Bala-Carter’ theory using the Bruhat-Tits building. In this talk we combine this work with work by Sommers and McNinch to provide a parameterisation of nilpotent orbits over a maximal unramified extension of a p-adic field in terms of so called dual Springer parameters and outline an application of this result to wavefront sets.
Let $p$ be a prime. Minkowski (1887) gave a bound for the order of a finite $p$-subgroup of the linear group $\mathsf{GL}(n,\mathbf Z)$ as a function of $n$, and this necessarily holds for $p$-subgroups of $\mathsf{GL}(n,\mathbf Q)$ also. A few years ago, Serre asked me whether some analogous result might be obtained for subgroups of $\mathsf{GL}(n,\mathbf C)$ using the methods I employed to obtain optimal bounds for Jordan's theorem.
Bounds can be so obtained and I will explain how but, while Minkowski's bound is achieved, no linear bound (as Serre initially suggested) can be achieved. I will discuss progress on this problem and the issues that arise in seeking an ideal form for the solution.
Let $G$ be a connected reductive algebraic group, and let $G(\mathbb{F}_q)$ be its group of $\mathbb{F}_q$-rational points. Denote by $\mathrm{Irr}(G(\mathbb{F}_q))$ the set of (equivalence classes) of irreducible finite-dimensional representations. Deligne and Lusztig defined a finite subset $$\mathrm{Unip}(G(\mathbb{F}_q)) \subset \mathrm{Irr}_{\mathrm{fd}}(G(\mathbb{F}_q))$$
of unipotent representations. These representations play a distinguished role in the representation theory of $G(\mathbb{F}_q)$. In particular, the classification of $\mathrm{Irr}_{\mathrm{fd}}(G(\mathbb{F}_q))$ reduces to the classification of $\mathrm{Unip}(G(\mathbb{F}_q))$.
Now replace $\mathbb{F}_q$ with a local field $k$ and replace $\mathrm{Irr}_{\mathrm{fd}}(G(\mathbb{F}_q))$ with $\mathrm{Irr}_{\mathrm{u}}(G(k))$ (irreducible unitary representations). Vogan has predicted the existence of a finite subset
$$\mathrm{Unip}(G(k)) \subset \mathrm{Irr}_{\mathrm{u}}(G(k))$$
which completes the following analogy
$$\mathrm{Unip}(G(k)) \text{ is to } \mathrm{Irr}_{\mathrm{u}}(G(k)) \text{ as } \mathrm{Unip}(G(\mathbb{F}_q)) \text{ is to } \mathrm{Irr}_{\mathrm{fd}}(G(\mathbb{F}_q)).$$
In this talk I will propose a definition of $\mathrm{Unip}(G(k))$ when $k = \mathbb{C}$. The definition is geometric and case-free. The representations considered include all of Arthur's, but also many others. After sketching the definition and cataloging its properties, I will explain a classification of $\mathrm{Unip}(G(\mathbb{C}))$, generalizing the well-known result of Barbasch-Vogan for Arthur's representations. Time permitting, I will discuss some speculations about the case of $k=\mathbb{R}$.
This talk is based on forthcoming joint work with Ivan Loseu and Dmitryo Matvieievskyi.
In the classical setting of real semisimple Lie groups, the Dirac inequality (due to Parthasarathy) gives a necessary condition that the infinitesimal character of an irreducible unitary representation needs to satisfy in terms of the restriction of the representation to the maximal compact subgroup. A similar tool was introduced in the setting of representations of p-adic groups in joint work with Barbasch and Trapa, where the necessary unitarity condition is phrased in terms of the semisimple parameter in the Kazhdan-Lusztig parameterization and the hyperspecial parahoric restriction. I will present several consequences of this inequality to the problem of understanding the unitary dual of the p-adic group, in particular, how it can be used in order to exhibit several isolated "extremal" unitary representations and to compute precise "spectral gaps" for them.
We develop a theory to measure the variance and covariance of probability distributions defined on the nodes of a graph, which takes into account the distance between nodes. Our approach generalizes the usual (co)variance to the setting of weighted graphs and retains many of its intuitive and desired properties. As a particular application, we define the maximum-variance problem on graphs with respect to the effective resistance distance, and characterize the solutions to this problem both numerically and theoretically. We show how the maximum-variance distribution can be interpreted as a core-periphery measure, illustrated by the fact that these distributions are supported on the leaf nodes of tree graphs, low-degree nodes in a configuration-like graph and boundary nodes in random geometric graphs. Our theoretical results are supported by a number of experiments on a network of mathematical concepts, where we use the variance and covariance as analytical tools to study the (co-)occurrence of concepts in scientific papers with respect to the (network) relations between these concepts. Finally, I will draw connections to related notion of assortativity on networks, a network analogue of correlation used to describe how the presence and absence of edges covaries with the properties of nodes.