Past Logic Seminar

abstract:

In my talk I shall try to explain the following speculation and present some
evidence in the form of "correlations" between categoricity conjectures in
model theory and motivic conjectures in algebraic geometry.

Transfinite induction constructions developed in model theory are by now
sufficiently developed to be used to build analogues of objects in algebraic
geometry constructed with a choice of topology, such as a singular cohomology theory,
the Hodge decomposition, and fundamental groups of complex algebraic varieties.
Moreover, these algebraic geometric objects are often conjectured to satisfy
homogeneity or freeness properties which are true for objects constructed by
transfinite induction.


An example of this is Hrushovski fusion used to build Zilber pseudoexponentiation,
i.e. a group homomorphism  $ex:C^+ \to C^*$ which satisfies Schanuel conjecture,
a transcendence property analogous to Grothendieck conjecture on periods.


I shall also present a precise conjecture on "uniqueness" of Q-forms (comparison isomorphisms)
of complex etale cohomology, and will try to explain its relation to conjectures on l-adic
Galois representations coming from the theory of motivic Galois group.
 

In 1985, Babai and Sós asked whether there exists a constant c>0 such that every finite group of order n has a product-free set of size at least cn, where a product-free set of a group is a subset that does not contain three elements x,y and z  satisfying xy=z. Gowers showed that the answer is no in the early 2000s, by linking the existence of product-free sets of large density to the existence of low dimensional unitary representations.

In this talk, I will provide an answer to the aforementioned question by model theoretic means. Furthermore, I will relate some of Gowers' results to the existence of nontrivial definable compactifications of nonstandard finite groups.
 

 
We study continuous theories of classes of finite dimensional Hilbert spaces expanded by 
a finite family (of a fixed size) of unitary operators. 
Infinite dimensional models of these theories are called pseudo finite dimensional dynamical Hilbert spaces. 
Our main results connect decidability questions of these theories with the topic of approximations of groups by metric groups. 

This is a survey on recent advances in classical decidability issues for local and global fields and for some canonical infinite extensions of those.

Abstract: The universal algorithm is a Turing machine program that can in principle enumerate any finite sequence of numbers, if run in the right model of PA, and furthermore, can always enumerate any desired extension of that sequence in a suitable end-extension of that model. The universal finite set is a set-theoretic analogue, a locally verifiable definition that can in principle define any finite set, in the right model of set theory, and can always define any desired finite extension of that set in a suitable top-extension of that model. Recent work has uncovered a $\Sigma_1$-definable version that works with respect to end-extensions. I shall give an account of all three results, which have a parallel form, and describe applications to the model theory of arithmetic and set theory. Post questions and commentary on my blog at http://jdh.hamkins.org/parallels-in-universality-oxford-math-logic-semi…;

Both in the real and in the p-adic case, I will talk about recent results about C^r-parameterizations and their diophantine applications.  In both cases, the dependence on r of the number of parameterizing C^r maps plays a role. In the non-archimedean case, we get as an application new bounds for rational points of bounded height lying on algebraic varieties defined over finite fields, sharpening the bounds by Sedunova, and making them uniform in the finite field. In the real case, some results from joint work with Pila and Wilkie, and also beyond this work, will be presented, 
in relation to several questions raised by Yomdin. The non-archimedean case is joint work with Forey and Loeser. The real case is joint work with Pila and Wilkie, continued by my PhD student S. Van Hille.  Some work with Binyamini and Novikov in the non-archimedean context will also be mentioned. The relations with questions by Yomdin is joint work with Friedland and Yomdin. 

In joint work with Gareths Boxall and Jones we prove a poly-logarithmic bound for the number of rational points on the graph of functions on the disc that exhibit a certain decay. I will present an application of this counting theorem to the arithmetic of dynamical systems. It concerns fields generated by the solutions of equations of the form $P^{\circ n}(z) = P^{\circ n}(y)$ for a polynomial $P$ of degree $D \geq 2$ where $y$ is a fixed algebraic number. The general goal is to show that the degree of such fields grows like a power of $D^n$.    

This lecture will give a brief review of the theory of non-abelian reciprocity maps and their applications to Diophantine geometry, and pose some questions for model-theorists.
 

Several works (by Kontsevich, Soibelman, Berkovich, Nicaise, Boucksom, Jonsson...) have shown that the limit behavior of a one-parameter family $(X_t)$ of complex algebraic varieties can often be described using the associated Berkovich t-adic analytic space $X^b$. In a work in progress with E. Hrushovski and F. Loeser, we provide a new instance of this general phenomenon. Suppose we are given for every t an  $(n,n)$-form $ω_t$ on $X_t$ (for n= dim X). Then under some assumptions on the formula that describes $ω_t$, the family $(ω_t)$ has a "limit" ω, which is a real valued  (n,n)-form in the sense of Chambert-Loir and myself on the Berkovich space $X^b$, and the integral of $ω_t$ on $X_t$ tends to the integral of ω on $X^b$. 
In this talk I will first make some reminders about Berkovich spaces and (n,n)-forms in this setting, and then discuss the above result. 
In fact, as I will explain, it is more convenient to formulate it with  $(X_t)$ seen as a single algebraic variety over a non-standard model *C of C and (ω_t) as a (n,n) differential form on this variety. The field *C also carries a t-adic real valuation which makes it a model of ACVF (and enables to do Berkovich geometry on it), and our proof uses repeatedly RCF and ACVF theories. 
 

I will report on two recent papers with D. Ghioca and U. Zannier (joined by P. Corvaja and F. Hu, respectively) in which we consider variants of the Mordell-Lang conjecture.  In the first of these, we study the dynamical Mordell-Lang conjecture in positive characteristic, proving some instances, but also showing that in general the problem is at least as hard as a difficult diophantine problem over the integers.  In the second paper, we study the Mordell-Lang problem for extensions of abelian varieties by the additive group.  Here we have positive results in the function field case obtained by using the socle theorem in the form offered as an aside in Hrushovski's 1996 paper and in the number field case we relate this problem to the Bombieri-Lang conjecture.

I will present a variation of positive model theory which addresses the issues of approximations of conventional geometric structures by sequences of Zariski structures as well as approximation by sequences of finite structures. In particular I am interested in applications to quantum mechanics.

I will report on a progress in defining and calculating oscillating in- tegrals of importance in quantum physics. This is based on calculating Gauss sums of order higher or equal to 2 over rings Z/mZ for very specific m. 

We reflect on the set-theoretic ineffability of the Cantorian Absolute of all sets. If this is done in the style of Levy and Montague in a first order manner, or Bernays using second or higher order methods this has only resulted in principles that can justify large cardinals that are `intra-constructible', that is they do not contradict the assumption that V, the universe of sets of mathematical discourse, is Gödel's universe of constructible sets, namely L.  Peter Koellner has advanced reasons that this style of reflection will only have this rather limited strength. However set theorists would dearly like to have much stronger axioms of infinity. We propose a widened structural `Global Reflection Principle' that is based on a view of sets and Cantorian absolute infinities that delivers a proper class of Woodin cardinals (and more). A mereological view of classes is used to differentiate between sets and classes. Once allied to a wider view of structural reflection, stronger conclusions are thus possible.
 

Obtaining Woodin's Cardinals

P. D. Welch, in ``Logic in Harvard: Conference celebrating the birthday of Hugh Woodin''
Eds. A. Caicedo, J. Cummings, P.Koellner & P. Larson, AMS Series, Contemporary Mathematics, vol. 690, 161-176,May 2017.

Global Reflection principles, 

           P. D. Welch, currently in the Isaac Newton Institute pre-print series, No. NI12051-SAS, 
to appear as part of the Harvard ``Exploring the Frontiers of Incompleteness'' Series volume, 201?, Ed. P. Koellner, pp28.
 

A longstanding open question asks whether every unstable NIP theory interprets an infinite linear order. I will present a construction that almost provides a positive answer. I will also discuss some conjectural applications to the classification of omega-categorical NIP structure, generalizing what is known for omega-stable, and classification of models mimicking the superstable case.
 

About fifteen years ago, Thomas Scanlon and I gave a description of sets that arise as the intersection of a subvariety with a finitely generated subgroup inside a semiabelian variety over a finite field. Inspired by later work of Derksen on the positive characteristic Skolem-Mahler-Lech theorem, which turns out to be a special case, Jason Bell and I have recently recast those results in terms of finite automata. I will report on this work, as well as on the work-in-progress it has engendered, also with Bell, on an effective version of the isotrivial Mordell-Lang theorem.

Let L be a lattice in R^n and let Z in R^(m+n) a parameterized family of subsets Z_T of R^n. Starting from an old result of Davenport and using O-minimal structures, together with Martin Widmer, we proved for fairly general families Z an estimate for the number of points of L in Z_T, which is essentially best possible. 
After introducing the problem and stating the result, we will present applications to counting algebraic integers of bounded height and to Manin’s Conjecture.

The number of solutions of a given algebro-geometric configuration, when it is finite, does not change upon a small perturbation of the parameters; this persists 
even upon specializations that change the topology.    The precise formulation of this principle of Poncelet and Schubert   required, i.a., the notions of   algebraically closed fields, flatness, completenesss, multiplicity.     I will explain a model-theoretic version, presented in   quite different terms.  It applies notably to difference equations involving the Galois-Frobenius automorphism $x^p$, uniformly in a prime $p$.   In fixed positive characteristic, interesting technical problems arise that I will discuss if time permits.  

Roelcke precompact groups are exactly the topological groups that can be realized as automorphism groups of omega-categorical structures (in continuous logic). In this talk, I will discuss a model-theoretic framework for the study of those groups and their dynamical systems as well as two concrete applications. The talk is based on joint work with Itaï Ben Yaacov and Tomás Ibarlucía.

(Joint with Gareth Boxall) In this talk I will introduce some properties of distal theories. I will remark that distality is preserved neither under reducts nor expansions of the language. I will then go on to discuss a recent result that the Shelah expansion of a theory is distal if and only if the theory itself is distal. 

We discuss the connections and differences between the ZFC set theory and univalent foundations and answer the above question in the negative.
 

The talk is based on my joint work with Anand Pillay and Tomasz Rzepecki.

I will describe some connections between various objects from topological dynamics associated with a given first order theory and various Galois groups of this theory. One of the main corollaries is a natural presentation of the closure of the neutral element of the Lascar Galois group of any given theory $T$ (this closure is a group sometimes denoted by $Gal_0(T)$) as a quotient of a compact Hausdorff group by a dense subgroup.

As an application, I will present a very general theorem concerning the complexity of bounded, invariant equivalence relations (whose classes are sometimes called strong types) in countable theories, generalizing a theorem of Kaplan, Miller and Simon concerning Borel cardinalities of Lascar strong types and also later extensions of this result to certain bounded, $F_\sigma$ equivalence relations (which were obtained in a paper of Kaplan and Miller and, independently, in a paper of Rzepecki and myself). The main point of our general theorem says that in a countable theory, any bounded, invariant equivalence relation defined
on the set of realizations of a single complete type over $\emptyset$ is type-definable if and only if it is smooth (in the sense of descriptive set theory). If time permits, I will very briefly mention more recent developments in this direction (also based on the results from the first paragraph) which will appear in my future paper with Rzepecki.
 

It is well known that the theory of differentially closed fields of characteristic 0 has prime models and that they are unique up to isomorphism. One can ask the same question for the theory ACFA of existentially closed difference fields (recall that a difference field is a field with an automorphism).

In this talk, I will first give the trivial reasons of why this question cannot have a positive answer. It could however be the case that over certain difference fields prime models (of the theory ACFA) exist and are unique. Such a prime model would be called a difference closure of the difference field K. I will show by an example that the obvious conditions on K do not suffice.

I will then consider the class of aleph-epsilon saturated models of ACFA, or of kappa-saturated models of ACFA. There are natural notions of aleph-epsilon prime model and kappa-prime model. It turns out that for these stronger notions, if K is an algebraically closed difference field of characteristic 0, with fixed subfield F aleph-epsilon saturated, then there is an aleph-epsilon prime model over K, and it is unique up to K-isomorphism. A similar result holds for kappa-prime when kappa is a regular cardinal.

None of this extends to positive characteristic.
 

Let k be a field of characteristic zero and K=k((t)). Semi-algebraic sets over K are boolean combinations of algebraic sets and sets defined by valuative inequalities. The associated Grothendieck ring has been studied by Hrushovski and Kazhdan who link it via motivic integration to the Grothendieck ring of varieties over k. I will present a morphism from the former to the Grothendieck ring of motives of rigid analytic varieties over K in the sense of Ayoub. This allows to refine the comparison by Ayoub, Ivorra and Sebag between motivic Milnor fibre and motivic nearby cycle functor.
 

Hilbert's Nullstellensatz asserts the existence of a complex point satisfying lying on a given variety, provided there is no (ideal-theoretic) proof to the contrary.
I will describe an analogue for curves (of unbounded degree), with respect to conditions specifying that they lie on a given smooth variety, and have homology class
near a specified ray.   In particular, an analogue of the Lefschetz principle (relating large positive characteristic to characteristic zero) becomes available for such questions.
The proof is very close to a theorem of  Boucksom-Demailly-Pau-Peternell on moveable curves, but requires a certain sharpening.   This is part of a joint project with Itai Ben Yaacov, investigating the logic of the product formula; the algebro-geometric statement is needed for proving the existential closure of $\Cc(t)^{alg}$ in this language.  
 

Globally Valued Fields, studied jointly with E. Hrushovski, are a formalism for fields in which the sum formula for valuations holds, such as number fields or function fields of curves. They form an elementary class (in continuous first order logic), and model-theoretic questions regarding this class give rise to difficult yet fascinating geometric questions.
I intend to present « Lyon school » approach to studying GVFs. This consists of reducing as much as possible to local considerations, among other things via the "fullness" axiom.