Induced subgraphs of graphs with large chromatic number. VII. Gyárfás' complementation conjecture

A class of graphs is χ-bounded if there is a function such that χ(G)≤f(ω(G)) for every induced subgraph G of every graph in the class, where χ,ω denote the chromatic number and clique number of G respectively. In 1987, Gyarfas conjectured that for every c, if C is a class of graphs such that χ(G)≤ω(G) +c for every induced subgraph G of every graph in the class, then the class of complements of members of C is χ-bounded. We prove this conjecture. Indeed, more generally, a class of graphs is χ-bounded if it has the property that no graph in the class has c+ 1 odd holes, pairwise disjoint and with no edges between them. The main tool is a lemma that if C is a shortest odd hole in a graph, and X is the set of vertices with at least five neighbours in V(C), then there is a three-vertex set that dominates X.