Past

I will explain how essential information about the structure of symplectic manifolds is captured by algebraic data, and specifically by the non-commutative mixed Hodge structure on the cohomology of the Fukaya category. I will discuss computable Hodge theoretic invariants arising from twist functors, and from geometric extensions. I will also explain how the instanton-corrected Chern-Simons theory fits in the framework of normal functions in non-commutative Hodge theory and will give applications to explicit descriptions of quantum Lagrangian branes. This is a joint work with L. Katzarkov and M. Kontsevich.

The classical isoperimetric inequality states that, given a set $E$ in $R^n$ having the same measure of the unit ball $B$, the perimeter $P(E)$ of $E$ is greater than the perimeter $P(B)$ of $B$. Moreover, when the isoperimetric deficit $D(E)=P(E)-P(B)$ equals 0, than $E$ coincides (up to a translation) with $B$. The sharp quantitative form of the isoperimetric inequality states that $D(E)$ can be bound from below by $A(E)^2$, where the Fraenkel asymmetry $A(E)$ of $E$ is defined as the minimum of the volume of the symmetric difference between $E$ and any translation of $B$. This result, conjectured by Hall in 1990, has been proven in its full generality by Fusco-Maggi-Pratelli (Ann. of Math. 2008) via symmetrization arguments and more recently by Figalli-Maggi-Pratelli (Invent. Math. 2010) through optimal transportation techniques. In this talk I will present a new proof of the sharp quantitative version of the isoperimetric inequality that I have recently obtained in collaboration with G.P.Leonardi (University of Modena e Reggio). The proof relies on a variational method in which a penalization technique is combined with the regularity theory for quasiminimizers of the perimeter. As a further application of this method I will present a positive answer to another conjecture posed by Hall in 1992 concerning the best constant for the quantitative isoperimetric inequality in $R^2$ in the small asymmetry regime.

The curve complex on an orientable surface, introduced by William Harvey about 30 years ago, is the abstract simplicial complex whose vertices are isotopy classes of simple close curves. A set of vertices forms a simplex if they can be represented by pairwise disjoint elements. The mapping class group of S acts on this complex in a natural way, inducing a homomorphism from the mapping class group to the group of automorphisms of the curve complex. A remarkable theorem of Nikolai V. Ivanov says that this natural homomorphism is an isomorphism. From this fact, some algebraic properties of the mapping class group has been proved. In the last twenty years, this result has been extended in various directions. In the joint work with Ferihe Atalan, we have proved the corresponding theorem for non-orientable surfaces: the natural map from the mapping class group of a nonorientable surface to the automorphism group of the curve compex is an isomorphism. I will discuss the proof of this theorem and possible applications to the structure of the mapping class groups.

Let $X$ be a Poisson point process and $K$ a d-dimensional convex set.
For a point $x \in X$ denote by $v_X(x)$ the Voronoi cell with respect to $X$, and set $$ v_X (K) := \bigcup_{x \in X \cap K } v_X(x) $$ which is the union of all Voronoi cells with center in $K$. We call $v_X(K)$ the Poisson-Voronoi approximation of $K$.
For $K$ a compact convex set the volume difference $V_d(v_X(K))-V_d(K) $ and the symmetric difference $V_d(v_X(K) \triangle K)$ are investigated.
Estimates for the variance and limit theorems are obtained using the chaotic decomposition of these functions in multiple Wiener-Ito integrals

The Harder Narasimhan type (in the sense of Gieseker semistability)

of a pure-dimensional coherent sheaf on a projective scheme is known to vary

semi-continuously in a flat family, which gives the well-known Harder Narasimhan

stratification of the parameter scheme of the family, by locally closed subsets.

We show that each stratum can be endowed with a natural structure of a locally

closed subscheme of the parameter scheme, which enjoys an appropriate universal property.

As an application, we deduce that pure-dimensional coherent sheaves of any given

Harder Narasimhan type form an Artin algebraic stack.

As another application - jointly with L. Brambila-Paz and O. Mata - we describe

moduli schemes for certain rank 2 unstable vector bundles on a smooth projective

curve, fixing some numerical data.

Non-linear backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs in

short) were firstly introduced by Pardoux and Peng (\cite{PP1990},

1990), who proved the existence and uniqueness of the adapted solution, under smooth square integrability assumptions on the coefficient and the terminal condition, and when the coefficient $g(t,\omega ,y,z)$ is Lipschitz in $(y,z)$ uniformly in $(t,\omega

)$. From then on, the theory of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDE) has been widely and rapidly developed. And many problems in mathematical finance can be treated as BSDEs. The natural connection between BSDE and partial differential equations (PDE) of parabolic and elliptic types is also important applications. In this talk, we study a new developement of BSDE, 

BSDE with contraint and reflecting barrier.

The existence and uniqueness results are presented and we will give some application of this kind of BSDE at last.

We will sketch a new proof of the Theorem of Ax and Kochen that any projective hypersurface over the p-adic numbers has a p-adic rational point, if it is given by a homogeneous polynomial with more variables than the square of its degree d, assuming that p is large enough with respect to the degree d. Our proof is purely algebraic geometric and (unlike all previous ones) does not use methods from mathematical logic. It is based on a (small upgrade of a) theorem of Abramovich and Karu about weak toroidalization of morphisms. Our method also yields a new alternative approach to the model theory of henselian valued fields (including the Ax-Kochen-Ersov transfer principle and quantifier elimination).

Rubbers and biological soft tissues undergo large isochoric motions in service, and can thus be modelled as nonlinear, incompressible elastic solids. It is easy to enforce incompressibility in the finite (exact) theory of nonlinear elasticity, but not so simple in the weakly nonlinear formulation, where the stress is expanded in successive powers of the strain. In linear and second-order elasticity, incompressibility means that Poisson's ratio is 1/2. Here we show how third- and fourth-order elastic constants behave in the incompressible limit. For applications, we turn to the propagation of elastic waves in soft incompressible solids, a topic of crucial importance in medical imaging (joint work with Ray Ogden, University of Aberdeen).

I will talk about a recent paper of Huh, who, building on a wealth of pretty geometry and topology, has given a proof of a conjecture dating back to 1968 regarding the chromatic polynomial (the polynomial that determines how many ways there are of colouring the vertices of a graph with n colours in such a way that no vertices which are joined by an edge have the same colour). I will mainly talk about the way in which a problem that is explicitly a combinatorics problem came to be encoded in algebraic geometry, and give an overview of the geometry and topology that goes into the solution. The talk should be accessible to everyone: no stacks, I promise.

The reconstruction of the early universe amounts to recovering the tiny density fluctuations of the early universe (shortly after the "big bang") from the current observation of the matter distribution in the universe. Following Zeldovich, Peebles and, more recently Frisch and collaboratoirs, we use a newtonian gravitational model with time dependent coefficients taking into accont general relativity effects. Due to the (remarkable) convexity of the corresponding action, the reconstruction problem apparently reduces to a straightforward convex minimization problem. Unfortunately, this approach completely ignores the mass concentration effects due to gravitational instabilities.

In this lecture, we show a way of modifying the action in order to take concentrations into account. This is obtained through a (questionable) modification of the gravitation model,

by substituting the fully nonlinear Monge-Amp`ere equation for the linear Poisson equation. (This is a reasonable approximation in the sense that it makes exact some approximate solutions advocated by Zeldovich for the original gravitational model.) Then the action can be written as a perfect square in which we can input mass concentration effects in a canonical way, based on the theory of gradient flows with convex potentials and somewhat related to the concept of self-dual Lagrangians developped by Ghoussoub. A fully discrete algorithm is introduced for the EUR problem in one space dimension.

The construction of the asymptotic cone of a metric space which allows one to capture the "large scale geometry" of that space has been introduced by Gromov and refined by van den Dries and Wilkie in the 1980's. Since then asymptotic cones have mainly been used as important invariants for finitely generated groups, regarded as metric spaces using the word metric.

However since the construction of the cone requires non-principal ultrafilters, in many cases the cone itself is very hard to compute and seemingly basic questions about this construction have been open quite some time and only relatively recently been answered.

In this talk I want to review the definition of the cone as well as considering iterated cones of metric spaces. I will show that every proper metric space can arise as asymptotic cone of some other proper space and I will answer a question of Drutu and Sapir regarding slow ultrafilters.

I will give a short introduction to non-standard analysis using Nelson's Internal Set Theory, and attempt to give some interesting examples of what can be done in NSA. If time permits I will look at building models for IST inside the usual ZFC set theory using ultrapowers.

I will show that one can (at least in theory) guarantee the "validity" of a numerical approximation of a solution of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations using an explicit a posteriori test, despite the fact that the existence of a unique solution is not known for arbitrary initial data.

The argument relies on the fact that if a regular solution exists for some given initial condition, a regular solution also exists for nearby initial data ("robustness of regularity"); I will outline the proof of robustness of regularity for initial data in $H^{1/2}$.

I will also show how this can be used to prove that one can verify numerically (at least in theory) the following statement, for any fixed R > 0: every initial condition $u_0\in H^1$ with $\|u\|_{H^1}\le R$ gives rise to a solution of the unforced equation that remains regular for all $t\ge 0$.

This is based on joint work with Sergei Chernysehnko (Imperial), Peter Constantin (Chicago), Masoumeh Dashti (Warwick), Pedro Marín-Rubio (Seville), Witold Sadowski (Warsaw/Warwick), and Edriss Titi (UC Irivine/Weizmann).

We consider a process $X_t\in\R^d$, $t\ge0$, introduced by Durrett and Rogers in 1992 in order to model the shape of a growing polymer; it undergoes a drift which depends on its past trajectory, and a Brownian increment. Our work concerns two conjectures by these authors (1992), concerning repulsive interaction functions $f$ in dimension $1$ ($\forall x\in\R$, $xf(x)\ge0$).

We showed the first one with T. Mountford (AIHP, 2008, AIHP Prize 2009), for certain functions $f$ with heavy tails, leading to transience to $+\infty$ or $-\infty$ with probability $1/2$. We partially proved the second one with B. T\'oth and B. Valk\'o (to appear in Ann. Prob. 2011), for rapidly decreasing functions $f$, through a study of the local time environment viewed from the

particule: we explicitly display an associated invariant measure, which enables us to prove under certain initial conditions that $X_t/t\to_{t\to\infty}0$ a.s., that the process is at least diffusive asymptotically and superdiffusive under certain assumptions.

Thanks to a Last Passage Percolation model, 3 colored sources are in competition to fill all the positive quadrant N2. There is coexistence when the 3 souces have infected an infinite number of sites.
A coupling between the percolation model and a particle system -namely, the TASEP- allows us to compute the coexistence probability.

There are several different approaches to noncommutative algebraic geometry. I will present one of these approaches. A noncommutative space will be an (abelian) category. I will show how to associate a ringed space to a category. In the case of the category of quasi-coherent sheaves on a scheme this construction will recover the scheme back. I will also give examples coming from quantum groups.

• Laura Gallimore - Modelling Cell Motility
• Y. M. Lai - Stochastic Synchronization of Neural Populations
• Jay Newby - Quasi-steady State Analysis of Motor-driven Transport on a 2D Microtubular Network

Games are ubiquitous in set theory and in particular can be used to build models (often using some large cardinal property to justify the existence of strategies). As a reversal one can define large cardinal properties in terms of such games.

We look at some such that build models through indiscernibles, and that have recently had some effect on structures at aleph_2.

I will introduce the notion of a nilsequence, which is a kind of

"higher" analogue of the exponentials used in classical Fourier analysis. I

will summarise the current state of our understanding of these objects. Then

I will discuss a variety of applications: to solving linear equations in

primes (joint with T. Tao), to a version of Waring's problem for so-called

generalised polynomials (joint with V. Neale and Trevor Wooley) and to

solving certain pairs of diagonal quadratic equations in eight variables

(joint work with L. Matthiesen). Some of the work to be described is a

little preliminary!

Predicting the dynamics of foams requires input from geometry and both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, among many other fields. I will attempt to give a flavour of this richness by discussing the static structure of a foam and how it allows the derivation of dynamic properties, at least to leading order. The latter includes coarsening due to gas diffusion, liquid drainage under gravity, and the flow of the bubbles themselves.

Based on an MPI library written over 10 years ago, OP2 is a new open-source library which is aimed at application developers using unstructured grids. Using a single API, it targets a variety of HPC architectures, including both manycore GPUs and multicore CPUs with vector units. The talk will cover the API design, key aspects of the parallel implementation on the different platforms, and preliminary performance results on a small but representative CFD test code.

Project homepage: http://people.maths.ox.ac.uk/gilesm/op2/

Many classes of polarised projective algebraic varieties can be constructed via explicit constructions of corresponding graded rings. In this talk we will discuss two methods, namely Basket data method and Key varieties method, which are often used in such constructions. In the first method we will construct graded rings corresponding to some topological data of the polarised varieties. The second method is based on the notion of weighted flag variety, which is the weighted projective analogue of a flag variety. We will describe this notion and show how one can use their graded rings to construct interesting classes of polarised varieties.

In portfolio management, there are specific strategies for trading between two assets that are cointegrated. These are commonly referred to as pairs-trading or spread-trading strategies. In this paper, we provide a theoretical framework for portfolio choice that justifies the choice of such strategies. For this, we consider a continuous-time error correction model to model the cointegrated price processes and analyze the problem of maximizing the expected utility of terminal wealth, for logarithmic and power utilities. We obtain and justify an extra no-arbitrage condition on the market parameters with which one obtains decomposition results for the optimal pairs-trading portfolio strategies.