General Linear PDE with constant coefficients

We review old and new properties of systems of linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients. We discuss solvability in different function classes, to observe very different solution spaces. We examine the existence of vector potentials in the different spaces, by which we mean systems Av=0 with the property v=Bu, where A and B are linear PDE operators with constant coefficients. Properties of the systems and their solutions are examined both from linear algebra and algebraic geometry angles. A special class of operators that are examined is that of constant rank operators, which are prevalent in the nonlinear analysis of compensated compactness theory. We will discuss some of the challenges of extending this theory to non-constant rank operators.