"Pattern of Life" and traffic

'Pattern-of-life' is a current buzz-word in sensor systems. One aspect to this is the automatic estimation of traffic flow patterns, perhaps where existing road maps are not available. For example, a sensor might measure the position of a number of vehicles in 2D, with a finite time interval between each observation of the scene. It is desired to estimate the time-average spatial density, current density, sources and sinks etc. Are there practical methods to do this without tracking individual vehicles, given that there may also be false 'clutter' detections, the density of vehicles may be high, and each vehicle may not be detected in every timestep? And what if the traffic flow has periodicity, e.g. variations on the timescale of a day?