Permutons are a framework set up for understanding large permutations, and are instrumental in pattern densities. However, they miss most of the algebraic properties of permutations. I will discuss what can still be said in this direction, and some possible ways to move beyond permutons. Joint with Fiona Skerman and Peter Winkler.

We propose a new framework of Markov α-potential games to study Markov games. 

We show that any Markov game with finite-state and finite-action is a Markov α-potential game, and establish the existence of an associated α-potential function. Any optimizer of an α-potential function is shown to be an α-stationary Nash equilibrium. We study two important classes of practically significant Markov games, Markov congestion games and the perturbed Markov team games, via the framework of Markov α-potential games, with explicit characterization of an upper bound for αand its relation to game parameters. 

Additionally, we provide a semi-infinite linear programming based formulation to obtain an upper bound for α for any Markov game. 

Furthermore, we study two equilibrium approximation algorithms, namely the projected gradient- ascent algorithm and the sequential maximum improvement algorithm, along with their Nash regret analysis.

This talk is part of the Erlangen AI Hub.

A 2024 collection of articles in the Bulletin of the AMS asked "Will machines change mathematics?", suggesting that  "Pure mathematicians are used to enjoying a great degree of research autonomy and intellectual freedom, a fragile and precious heritage that might be swept aside by a mindless use of machines." and challenging readers to  "decide upon our subject’s future direction.”

This was a response to the mathematical capabilities of emerging technologies, alone or in combination. These techniques include  software such as LEAN for  providing formal proofs; use of LLMs to produce credible, if derivative, research papers with expert human guidance; specialist algorithms such as AlphaGeometry; and sophisticated use of machine learning to search for examples.  Their development (at huge cost in compute power and energy) has been accompanied by an unfamiliar and exuberant level of hype from well-funded start-ups claiming to “solve mathematics” and the like. And it raises questions beyond the technical concerning governance, funding and the nature of the mathematical profession.

To try and understand what’s going on we look historical examples of changes in mathematical practice - as an example we consider key developments in the early days of computational group theory.

The speaker is keen to hear of colleagues using LLMs, LEAN or similar things in research, even if they can’t come to the talk.

Mathematicians often like to think of maths as objective. Science communicator Hana Ayoob joins us to discuss how the fact that humans do maths means that the ways maths is developed, used, and communicated are not neutral.

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