University of Oxford

Jaclyn Lang
Explicit Class Field Theory
Class field theory was a major achievement in number theory
about a century ago that presaged many deep connections in mathematics
that today are known as the Langlands Program.  Class field theory
associates to each number field an special extension field, called the
Hilbert class field, whose ring of integers satisfies unique
factorization, mimicking the arithmetic in the usual integers.  While
the existence of this field is always guaranteed, it is a difficult
problem to find explicit generators for the Hilbert class field in
general.  The theory of complex multiplication of elliptic curves is
essentially the only setting where there is an explicit version of class
field theory.  We will briefly introduce class field theory, highlight
what is known in the theory of complex multiplication, and end with an
example for the field given by a fifth root of 19.  There will be many
examples!

Jan Sbierski
The strength of singularities in general relativity
One of the many curious features of Einstein’s theory of general relativity is that the theory predicts its own breakdown at so-called gravitational singularities. The gravitational field in general relativity is modelled by a Lorentzian manifold — and thus a gravitational singularity is signalled by the geometry of the Lorentzian manifold becoming singular. In this talk I will first review the classical definition of a gravitational singularity along with a classification of their strengths. I will conclude with outlining newly developed techniques which capture the singularity at the level of the connection of Lorentzian manifolds.

Clemens Koppensteiner
Categorifying Heisenberg algebras

Categorification replaces set-theoretic structures with category-theoretic analogues. We discuss what this means and why it is useful. We then discuss recent work on categorifying Heisenberg algebras and their Fock space representations. In particular this gives a satisfying answer to an observation about equivariant K-theory made by Ian Grojnowski in 1996.

Aggregation-Diffusion Equations
David Gómez-Castro

The aim of this talk is to discuss an evolution problem modelling particles systems exhibiting aggregation and diffusion phenomena, and we will focus mostly on the so-called Aggregation-Diffusion Equation: ∂ρ ∂t = ∇ · (ρ ∇(U′ (ρ) + V + W ∗ ρ)) (ADE)

First, we will discuss the modelling. The famous case U′ (ρ) = log ρ and W = 0 is the famous Heat Equation. In the classical literature, the term U′(ρ) is typically deduced from Darcy’s law and models an internal energy of the system. We will show through particle systems how the term V models a confinement energy and W ∗ ρ an aggregation energy. The complete model covers many famous examples from different disciplines: Porous Media, Fokker-Plank, Keller-Segel and others. After this modelling, we discuss the mathematical treatment of (ADE). As in the case of the Heat Equation, the diffusion cases where W = V = 0 are typically studied in the Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces. However, as in the Keller-Segel problem, a Dirac measures may appear in finite time. We present the Wasserstein distance between measures, which is a natural framework for these equations, connecting with the theory of Optimal Transport. In fact, when U, V and W are convex, (ADE) can be studied as the gradient-flow of a free-energy functional (i.e. curves minimising this energy) in this Wasserstein distance, applying Calculus of Variations techniques. We will discuss the minimisation problem associated to F, with an interest to the existence of Dirac measures. Finally, we will present new results showing that indeed, in some cases besides Keller-Segel, states with a Delta can be achieved through solutions of the evolution problem

How aware should we be of letting AI make decisions on prison sentences? Or what is our responsibility in ensuring that mathematics does not predict another global stock crash?

In this talk, Helena will outline how we can view ethics and responsibility as central to processes of innovation and describe her experiences applying this perspective to teaching in the Department of Computer Science. There will be a chance to open up discussion about how this same approach can be applied in other Departments here in Oxford.

Helena is an interdisciplinary researcher working in the Department of Computer Science. She works on projects that involve examining the social impacts of computer-based innovations and identifying the ways in which these innovations can better meet societal needs and empower users. Helena is very passionate about the need to embed ethics and responsibility into processes of learning and research in order to foster technologies for the social good.

C*-algebras provide non commutative analogues of locally compact Hausdorff spaces. In this talk I’ll provide a survey of the large scale project to classify simple amenable C*-algebras, indicating the role played by non commutative versions of topological ideas. No prior knowledge of C*-algebras will be assumed.

The d-dimensional bordism category Cob_d has as objects closed (d-1)-manifolds and as morphisms diffeomorphism classes of d-dimensional bordisms. For d=1 and d=2 this category is well understood because we have a complete list of all 1 or 2-manifolds with boundary. In this talk I will argue that the categories Cob_1 and Cob_2 nevertheless carry a lot of interesting structure. 

I will show that the classifying spaces B(Cob_1) and B(Cob_2) contain interesting moduli spaces coming from the combinatorics of how 1 or 2 manifolds can be glued along their boundary. In particular, I will introduce the notion of a "factorisation category" and explain how it relates to Connes' cyclic category for d=1 and to the moduli space of tropical curves for d=2. If time permits, I will sketch how this relates to the curve complex and moduli spaces of complex curves.

In this session we will host a Q&A with current researchers who have recently gone through successful applications as well as more senior staff who have been on interview panels and hiring committees for postdoctoral positions in mathematics. The session will be a chance to get varied perspectives on the application process and find out about the different types of academic positions to apply for.

The panel members will be Candy Bowtell, Luci Basualdo Bonatto, Mohit Dalwadi, Ben Fehrman and Frances Kirwan. 

Introduced by Fomin and Zelevinsky in 2002, cluster algebras have become ubiquitous in algebra, combinatorics and geometry. In this talk, I'll introduce the notion of a cluster algebra and present the approach of Kang-Kashiwara-Kim-Oh to categorify a large class of them arising from quantum groups. Time allowing, I will explain some recent developments related to the coherent Satake category.

We explain how group analogues of Slodowy slices arise by interpreting certain Weyl group elements as braids. Such slices originate from classical work by Steinberg on regular conjugacy classes, and different generalisations recently appeared in work by Sevostyanov on quantum group analogues of W-algebras and in work by He-Lusztig on Deligne-Lusztig varieties.

Our perspective furnishes a common generalisation, essentially solving the problem. We also give a geometric criterion for Weyl group elements to yield strictly transverse slices.

We will discuss confinement in 4d N=1 theories obtained after soft supersymmetry breaking deformations of 4d N=2 Class S theories. Confinement is characterised by a subgroup of the 1-form symmetry group of the theory that is left unbroken in a massive vacuum of the theory. The 1-form symmetry group is encoded in the Gaiotto curve associated to the Class S theory, and its spontaneous breaking in a vacuum is encoded in the N=1 curve (which plays the role of Seiberg-Witten curve for N=1) associated to that vacuum. Using this proposal, we will recover the expected properties of confinement in N=1 SYM theories, and the theories studied by Cachazo, Douglas, Seiberg and Witten. We will also recover the dependence of confinement on the choice of gauge group and discrete theta parameters in these theories.