Past

I will talk about some basic facts about slope stable sheaves and the Bogomolov inequality.  New techniques from stability conditions will imply new stronger bounds on Chern characters of stable sheaves on some special varieties, including  Fano varieties, quintic threefolds and etc. I will discuss the progress in this direction and some related open problems.

Using non-minimal pure spinor superspace, Cederwall has constructed BRST-invariant actions for D=10 super-Born-Infeld and D=11 supergravity which are quartic in the superfields. But since the superfields have explicit dependence on the non-minimal pure spinor variables, it is non-trivial to show these actions correctly describe super-Born-Infeld and supergravity. In this talk, I will expand solutions to the equations of motion from the pure spinor action for D=10 abelian super Born-Infeld to leading order around the linearized solutions and show that they correctly describe the interactions expected. If I have time, I will explain how to generalize these ideas to D=11 supergravity.

How long a monotone path can one always find in any edge-ordering of the complete graph $K_n$? This appealing question was first asked by Chvatal and Komlos in 1971, and has since attracted the attention of many researchers, inspiring a variety of related problems. The prevailing conjecture is that one can always find a monotone path of linear length, but until now the best known lower bound was $n^{2/3−o(1)}$, which was proved by Milans. This talk will be
about nearly closing this gap, proving that any edge-ordering of the complete graph contains a monotone path of length $n^{1−o(1)}$. This is joint work with Bucic, Kwan, Sudakov, Tran, and Wagner.

In the first part of this talk, I will present an extension of Chebfun, called Ballfun, for computing with functions and vectors in the unit ball. I will then describe an algorithm for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in the ball. Contrary to projection methods, we use the poloidal-toroidal decomposition to decouple the PDEs and solve scalars equations. The solver has an optimal complexity (up to polylogarithmic terms) in terms of the degrees of freedom required to represent the solution.

I will explain how Dirac operators provide precious information about geometric and algebraic aspects of representations of real Lie groups. In particular, we obtain an explicit realisation of representations, leading terms in the asymptotics of characters and a precise connection with nilpotent orbits.

This talk features a self-contained introduction to persistent homology, which is the main ingredient of topological data analysis. 

As a rule of thumb, the dominant resistive force on a cyclist riding along a flat road at a speed above 10mph is aerodynamic drag; at higher speeds, this drag becomes even more influential because of its non-linear dependence on speed. Reducing drag, therefore, is of critical importance in bicycle racing, where winning margins are frequently less than a tyre's width (over a 200+km race!). I shall discuss a mathematical model of aerodynamic drag in cycling, present mathematical reasoning behind some of the decisions made by racing cyclists when attempting to minimise it, and touch upon some of the many methods of aerodynamic drag assessment.

One of the main open problems in loop quantum gravity is to reconcile the fundamental quantum discreteness of space with general relativity in the continuum. In this talk, I present recent progress regarding this issue: I will explain, in particular, how the discrete spectra of geometric observables that we find in loop gravity can be understood from a conventional Fock quantisation of gravitational edge modes on a null surface boundary. On a technical level, these boundary modes are found by considering a quasi-local Hamiltonian analysis, where general relativity is treated as a Hamiltonian system in domains with inner null boundaries. The presence of such null boundaries requires then additional boundary terms in the action. Using Ashtekar’s original SL(2,C) self-dual variables, I will explain that the natural such boundary term is nothing but a kinetic term for a spinor (defining the null flag of the boundary) and a spinor-valued two-form, which are both intrinsic to the boundary. The simplest observable on the boundary phase space is the cross sectional area two-form, which generates dilatations of the boundary spinors. In quantum theory, the corresponding area operator turns into the difference of two number operators. The area spectrum is discrete without ever introducing spin networks or triangulations of space. I will also comment on a similar construction in three euclidean spacetime dimensions, where the discreteness of length follows from the quantisation of gravitational edge modes on a one-dimensional cross section of the boundary.
The talk is based on my recent papers: arXiv:1804.08643 and arXiv:1706.00479.
 

Matrix completion is an area of great mathematical interest and has numerous applications, including recommender systems for e-commerce. The recommender problem can be viewed as follows: given a database where rows are users and and columns are products, with entries indicating user preferences, fill in the entries so as to be able to recommend new products based on the preferences of other users. Viewing the interactions between user and product as links in a bipartite graph, the problem is equivalent to approximating a partially observed graph using clusters. We propose a divide and conquer algorithm inspired by the work of [1], who use recursive rank-1 approximation. We make the case for using an LP rank-1 approximation, similar to that of [2] by a showing that it guarantees a 2-approximation to the optimal, even in the case of missing data. We explore our algorithm's performance for different test cases.

[1]  Shen, B.H., Ji, S. and Ye, J., 2009, June. Mining discrete patterns via binary matrix factorization. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (pp. 757-766). ACM.

[2] Koyutürk, M. and Grama, A., 2003, August. PROXIMUS: a framework for analyzing very high dimensional discrete-attributed datasets. In Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining (pp. 147-156). ACM.
 

We consider vector-valued maps which minimize an energy with two terms: an elastic term penalizing high gradients, and a potential term penalizing values far away from a fixed submanifold N. In the scaling limit where the second term is dominant, minimizers converge to maps with values into the manifold N. If the elastic term is the classical Dirichlet energy (i.e. the squared L^2-norm of the gradient), classical tools show that this convergence is uniform away from a singular set where the energy concentrates. Some physical models (as e.g. liquid crystal models) include however more general elastic energies (still coercive and quadratic in the gradient, but less symmetric), for which these classical tools do not apply. We will present a new strategy to obtain nevertheless this uniform convergence. This is a joint work with Andres Contreras.

We present a construction which associates to a KdV equation the lamplighter group. 
In order to establish this relation we use automata and random walks on ultra discrete limits. 
It is also related to the L2 Betti numbers introduced by Atiyah which are homotopy 
invariants of closed manifolds.

SLE curves are an important family of random curves in the plane. They share many similarites with solutions of SDE (in particular, with Brownian motion). Any quesion asked for the latter can be asked for the former. Inspired by that, Yizheng Yuan and I investigate the support for SLE curves. In this talk, I will explain our theorem with more motivation and idea. 

In this seminar we will look at an extension of the well known sewing lemma from rough path theory to fields on [0; 1]k. We will first introduce a framework suitable to study such fields, and then find a criterion for convergence of multiple Riemann type sums of a class of abstract integrands. A simple application of this extension is construct the Young integral for fields.Furthermore, we will discuss the use of this theorem to study integration of fields of lower regularity by using ideas familiar from rough path theory. Moreover, we will discuss difficulties we face by looking at “multi-parameter ODE's” both from an existence and uniqueness point of view.

The Beilinson-Drinfeld Grassmannian, which classifies a G-bundle trivialised away from a finite set of points on a curve, is one of the basic objects in the geometric Langlands programme. Similar construction in higher dimensions in the algebraic and analytic settings are not very interesting because of Hartogs' theorem. In this talk I will discuss a differentiable version. I will also explain a theory of D-modules on differentiable spaces and use it
to define differentiable chiral and factorisation algebras. By linearising the Grassmannian we get examples of differentiable chiral algebras. This is joint work with Dennis Borisov.

Prof. Helen Byrne shares her academic path and experience as Director of Equality and Diversity.

More information will appear later.

 In this seminar I will discuss a recently-found class of RG flows in four dimensions exhibiting enhancement of supersymmetry in the infrared, which provides a lagrangian description of several strongly-coupled N=2 SCFTs. The procedure involves starting from a N=2 SCFT, coupling a chiral multiplet in the adjoint representation of the global symmetry to the moment map of the SCFT and turning on a nilpotent expectation value for this chiral. We show that, combining considerations based on 't Hooft anomaly matching and basic results about the N=2 superconformal algebra, it is possible to understand in detail the mechanism underlying this phenomenon and formulate a simple criterion for supersymmetry enhancement. 

In this session we discuss various different routes for promoting your research through a panel discussion with Dawn Gordon (Project Manager, Oxford University Innovation), Dyrol Lumbard (External Relations Manager, Mathematical Institute), James Maynard (Academic Faculty, Mathematical Institute) and Ian Griffiths, and chaired by Frances Kirwan. The panel discussion will include the topics of outreach, impact, and strategies for promoting aspects of mathematics that are less amenable to public engagement. 

New undergraduates often find that they have a lot more time to spend on independent work than they did at school or college.  But how can you use that time well?  When your lecturers say that they expect you to study your notes between lectures, what do they really mean?  There is research on how mathematicians go about reading maths effectively.  We'll look at a technique that has been shown to improve students' comprehension of proofs, and in this interactive workshop we'll practise together on some examples.  Please bring a pen/pencil and paper! 

This session is likely to be most relevant for first-year undergraduates, but all are welcome, especially those who would like to improve how they read and understand proofs.

Atherosclerosis is a manifestation of cardiovascular disease consisting of the buildup of inflamed arterial plaques. Because most heart attacks are caused by the rupture of unstable "vulnerable" plaque, the characterization of plaques and their vulnerability remains an outstanding problem in medicine.

Morphoelasticity is a mathematical framework commonly employed to describe tissue growth.

Its central premise is the decomposition of the deformation gradient into the product of an elastic tensor and a growth tensor.

In this talk, I will present some recent efforts to simulate intimal thickening -- the precursor to atherosclerosis -- using morphoelasticity theory.

The arterial wall is composed of three layers: the intima, media and adventitia. 

The intima is allowed to grow isotropically while the area of the media and adventitia is approximately conserved. 

All three layers are modeled as anisotropic hyperelastic materials, reinforced by collagen fibers.

We explore idealized axisymmetric arteries as well as more general geometries that are solved using the finite element method.

Results are discussed in the context of balloon-injury experiments on animals and Glagovian remodeling in humans.

One occasionally encounters computational problems that work just fine on ill-posed inputs, even though they should not. One example is polynomial eigenvalue problems, where standard algorithms such as QZ can find a desired solution to instances with infinite condition number to machine precision, while being completely oblivious to the ill-conditioning of the problem. One explanation is that, intuitively, adversarial perturbations are extremely unlikely, and "for all practical purposes'' the problem might not be ill-conditioned at all. We analyse perturbations of singular polynomial eigenvalue problems and derive methods to bound the likelihood of adversarial perturbations for any given input in different stochastic models.

Joint work with Vanni Noferini
 

Understanding how shifts of multiplicative functions correlate with each other is a central question in multiplicative number theory. A well-known conjecture of Elliott predicts that there should be no correlation between shifted multiplicative functions unless the functions involved are ‘pretentious functions’ in a certain precise sense. The Elliott conjecture implies as a special case the famous Chowla conjecture on shifted products of the Möbius function.

In the last few years, there has been a lot of exciting progress on the Chowla and Elliott conjectures, and we give an overview of this. Nearly all of the previously obtained results have concerned correlations that are weighted logarithmically, and it is an interesting question whether one can remove these logarithmic weights. We show that one can indeed remove logarithmic averaging from the known results on the Chowla and Elliott conjectures, provided that one restricts to almost all scales in a suitable sense.

This is joint work with Terry Tao.

Morse theory explores the topology of a smooth manifold $M$ by looking at the local behaviour of a fixed smooth function $f : M \to \mathbb{R}$. In this talk, I will explain how we can construct ordinary homology by looking at the flow of $\nabla f$ on the manifold. The talk should serve as an introduction to Morse theory for those new to the subject. At the end, I will state a new(ish) proof of the functoriality of Morse homology.

Welfare economics argues that competitive markets lead to efficient allocation of resources. The classical theorems are based on the Walrasian market model which assumes the existence of market clearing prices. The emergence of such prices remains debatable. We replace the Walrasian market model by double auctions and show that the conclusions of welfare economics remain largely the same. Double auctions are not only a more realistic description of real markets but they explain how equilibrium prices and efficient allocations emerge in practice.