Nilpotent Deformation Theory

Deformation theory studies how varieties and other algebro-geometric objects vary in families. A central part of the subject is formal deformation theory, where one deforms over an Artinian base; such deformation problems are governed by Lie algebraic models. 

We pose the question of deforming varieties over nilpotent but not necessarily Artinian bases. These turn out to be classified by the same Lie algebraic models plus some topological structure. More precisely, we will consider partition Lie algebras in the category of ultrasolid modules, a variation of the solid modules of Clausen and Scholze that give a well-behaved category akin to topological modules.

To approach this result, we decompose deformation problems into n-nilpotent layers. Each of these layers is individually easier to understand, and is classified by simpler variants of partition Lie algebras.