Stochastic homogenization: Deterministic models of random environments

Homogenization theory aims to understand the properties of materials with complicated microstructures, such as those arising from flaws in a manufacturing process or from randomly deposited impurities. The goal is to identify an effective model that provides an accurate approximation of the original material. Oxford Mathematician Benjamin Fehrman discusses his research. 

"The practical considerations for identifying a simplified model are twofold:

The fluid mechanics of kidney stone removal

The discomfort experienced when a kidney stone passes through the ureter is often compared to the pain of childbirth. Severe pain can indicate that the stone is too large to naturally dislodge, and surgical intervention may be required. A ureteroscope is inserted into the ureter (passing first through the urethra and the bladder) in a procedure called ureteroscopy. Via a miniscule light and a camera on the scope tip, the patient’s ureter and kidney are viewed by a urologist.

Detection of the temporal variation of the Sun's cosmic ray shadow with
the IceCube detector
 Collaboration, I Aartsen, M Ackermann, M Adams, J Aguilar, J Ahlers, M Ahrens, M Altmann, D Andeen, K Anderson, T Ansseau, I Anton, G Argüelles, C Auffenberg, J Axani, S Backes, P Bagherpour, H Bai, X Barbano, A Barron, J Barwick, S Baum, V Bay, R Beatty, J Tjus, J Becker, K BenZvi, S Berley, D Bernardini, E Besson, D Binder, G Bindig, D Blaufuss, E Blot, S Bohm, C Börner, M Bos, F Böser, S Botner, O Bourbeau, E Bourbeau, J Bradascio, F Braun, J Bretz, H Bron, S Brostean-Kaiser, J Burgman, A Busse, R Carver, T Chen, C Cheung, E Chirkin, D Clark, K Classen, L Collin, G Conrad, J Coppin, P Correa, P Cowen, D Cross, R Dave, P Day, M André, J Clercq, C DeLaunay, J Dembinski, H Deoskar, K Ridder, S Desiati, P Vries, K Wasseige, G With, M DeYoung, T Díaz-Vélez, J Dujmovic, H Dunkman, M Dvorak, E Eberhardt, B Ehrhardt, T Eichmann, B Eller, P Evenson, P Fahey, S Fazely, A Felde, J Filimonov, K Finley, C Franckowiak, A Friedman, E Fritz, A Gaisser, T Gallagher, J Ganster, E Garrappa, S Gerhardt, L Ghorbani, K Giang, W Glauch, T Glüsenkamp, T Goldschmidt, A Gonzalez, J Grant, D Griffith, Z Haack, C Hallgren, A Halve, L Halzen, F Hanson, K Hebecker, D Heereman, D Helbing, K Hellauer, R Hickford, S Hignight, J Hill, G Hoffman, K Hoffmann, R Hoinka, T Hokanson-Fasig, B Hoshina, K Huang, F Huber, M Hultqvist, K Hünnefeld, M Hussain, R In, S Iovine, N Ishihara, A Jacobi, E Japaridze, G Jeong, M Jero, K Jones, B Kalaczynski, P Kang, W Kappes, A Kappesser, D Karg, T Karle, A Katz, U Kauer, M Keivani, A Kelley, J Kheirandish, A Kim, J Kintscher, T Kiryluk, J Kittler, T Klein, S Koirala, R Kolanoski, H Köpke, L Kopper, C Kopper, S Koskinen, D Kowalski, M Krings, K Kroll, M Krückl, G Kunwar, S Kurahashi, N Kyriacou, A Labare, M Lanfranchi, J Larson, M Lauber, F Leonard, K Leuermann, M Liu, Q Lohfink, E Mariscal, C Lu, L Lünemann, J Luszczak, W Madsen, J Maggi, G Mahn, K Makino, Y Mancina, S Mariş, I Maruyama, R Mase, K Maunu, R Meagher, K Medici, M Meier, M Menne, T Merino, G Meures, T Miarecki, S Micallef, J Momenté, G Montaruli, T Moore, R Moulai, M Nagai, R Nahnhauer, R Nakarmi, P Naumann, U Neer, G Niederhausen, H Nowicki, S Nygren, D Pollmann, A Olivas, A O'Murchadha, A O'Sullivan, E Palczewski, T Pandya, H Pankova, D Peiffer, P Pepper, J Heros, C Pieloth, D Pinat, E Pizzuto, A Plum, M Price, P Przybylski, G Raab, C Rameez, M Rauch, L Rawlins, K Rea, I Reimann, R Relethford, B Renzi, G Resconi, E Rhode, W Richman, M Robertson, S Rongen, M Rott, C Ruhe, T Ryckbosch, D Rysewyk, D Safa, I Herrera, S Sandrock, A Sandroos, J Santander, M Sarkar, S Satalecka, K Schaufel, M Schlunder, P Schmidt, T Schneider, A Schneider, J Schöneberg, S Schumacher, L Sclafani, S Seckel, D Seunarine, S Soedingrekso, J Soldin, D Song, M Spiczak, G Spiering, C Stachurska, J Stamatikos, M Stanev, T Stasik, A Stein, R Stettner, J Steuer, A Stezelberger, T Stokstad, R Stößl, A Strotjohann, N Stuttard, T Sullivan, G Sutherland, M Taboada, I Tenholt, F Ter-Antonyan, S Terliuk, A Tilav, S Toale, P Tobin, M Tönnis, C Toscano, S Tosi, D Tselengidou, M Tung, C Turcati, A Turcotte, R Turley, C Ty, B Unger, E Elorrieta, M Usner, M Vandenbroucke, J Driessche, W Eijk, D Eijndhoven, N Vanheule, S Santen, J Vraeghe, M Walck, C Wallace, A Wallraff, M Wandler, F Wandkowsky, N Watson, T Weaver, C Weiss, M Wendt, C Werthebach, J Westerhoff, S Whelan, B Whitehorn, N Wiebe, K Wiebusch, C Wille, L Williams, D Wills, L Wolf, M Wood, J Wood, T Woolsey, E Woschnagg, K Wrede, G Xu, D Xu, X Xu, Y Yanez, J Yodh, G Yoshida, S Yuan, T Astrophysical Journal http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.02015v1
Search for steady point-like sources in the astrophysical muon neutrino
flux with 8 years of IceCube data
 Collaboration, I Aartsen, M Ackermann, M Adams, J Aguilar, J Ahlers, M Ahrens, M Altmann, D Andeen, K Anderson, T Ansseau, I Anton, G Argüelles, C Auffenberg, J Axani, S Backes, P Bagherpour, H Bai, X Barbano, A Barron, J Barwick, S Baum, V Bay, R Beatty, J Tjus, J Becker, K BenZvi, S Berley, D Bernardini, E Besson, D Binder, G Bindig, D Blaufuss, E Blot, S Bohm, C Börner, M Bos, F Böser, S Botner, O Bourbeau, E Bourbeau, J Bradascio, F Braun, J Bretz, H Bron, S Brostean-Kaiser, J Burgman, A Busse, R Carver, T Chen, C Cheung, E Chirkin, D Clark, K Classen, L Collin, G Conrad, J Coppin, P Correa, P Cowen, D Cross, R Dave, P Day, M André, J Clercq, C DeLaunay, J Dembinski, H Deoskar, K Ridder, S Desiati, P Vries, K Wasseige, G With, M DeYoung, T Díaz-Vélez, J Dujmovic, H Dunkman, M Dvorak, E Eberhardt, B Ehrhardt, T Eichmann, B Eller, P Evenson, P Fahey, S Fazely, A Felde, J Filimonov, K Finley, C Franckowiak, A Friedman, E Fritz, A Gaisser, T Gallagher, J Ganster, E Garrappa, S Gerhardt, L Ghorbani, K Giang, W Glauch, T Glüsenkamp, T Goldschmidt, A Gonzalez, J Grant, D Griffith, Z Haack, C Hallgren, A Halve, L Halzen, F Hanson, K Hebecker, D Heereman, D Helbing, K Hellauer, R Hickford, S Hignight, J Hill, G Hoffman, K Hoffmann, R Hoinka, T Hokanson-Fasig, B Hoshina, K Huang, F Huber, M Hultqvist, K Hünnefeld, M Hussain, R In, S Iovine, N Ishihara, A Jacobi, E Japaridze, G Jeong, M Jero, K Jones, B Kalaczynski, P Kang, W Kappes, A Kappesser, D Karg, T Karle, A Katz, U Kauer, M Keivani, A Kelley, J Kheirandish, A Kim, J Kintscher, T Kiryluk, J Kittler, T Klein, S Koirala, R Kolanoski, H Köpke, L Kopper, C Kopper, S Koskinen, D Kowalski, M Krings, K Kroll, M Krückl, G Kunwar, S Kurahashi, N Kyriacou, A Labare, M Lanfranchi, J Larson, M Lauber, F Leonard, K Leuermann, M Liu, Q Lohfink, E Mariscal, C Lu, L Lünemann, J Luszczak, W Madsen, J Maggi, G Mahn, K Makino, Y Mancina, S Mariş, I Maruyama, R Mase, K Maunu, R Meagher, K Medici, M Meier, M Menne, T Merino, G Meures, T Miarecki, S Micallef, J Momenté, G Montaruli, T Moore, R Moulai, M Nagai, R Nahnhauer, R Nakarmi, P Naumann, U Neer, G Niederhausen, H Nowicki, S Nygren, D Pollmann, A Olivas, A O'Murchadha, A O'Sullivan, E Palczewski, T Pandya, H Pankova, D Peiffer, P Heros, C Pieloth, D Pinat, E Pizzuto, A Plum, M Price, P Przybylski, G Raab, C Raissi, A Rameez, M Rauch, L Rawlins, K Rea, I Reimann, R Relethford, B Renzi, G Resconi, E Rhode, W Richman, M Robertson, S Rongen, M Rott, C Ruhe, T Ryckbosch, D Rysewyk, D Safa, I Herrera, S Sandrock, A Sandroos, J Santander, M Sarkar, S Satalecka, K Schaufel, M Schlunder, P Schmidt, T Schneider, A Schneider, J Schöneberg, S Schumacher, L Sclafani, S Seckel, D Seunarine, S Soedingrekso, J Soldin, D Song, M Spiczak, G Spiering, C Stachurska, J Stamatikos, M Stanev, T Stasik, A Stein, R Stettner, J Steuer, A Stezelberger, T Stokstad, R Stößl, A Strotjohann, N Stuttard, T Sullivan, G Sutherland, M Taboada, I Tenholt, F Ter-Antonyan, S Terliuk, A Tilav, S Tobin, M Tönnis, C Toscano, S Tosi, D Tselengidou, M Tung, C Turcati, A Turcotte, R Turley, C Ty, B Unger, E Elorrieta, M Usner, M Vandenbroucke, J Driessche, W Eijk, D Eijndhoven, N Vanheule, S Santen, J Vraeghe, M Walck, C Wallace, A Wallraff, M Wandler, F Wandkowsky, N Watson, T Weaver, C Weiss, M Wendt, C Werthebach, J Westerhoff, S Whelan, B Whitehorn, N Wiebe, K Wiebusch, C Wille, L Williams, D Wills, L Wolf, M Wood, J Wood, T Woolsey, E Woschnagg, K Wrede, G Xu, D Xu, X Xu, Y Yanez, J Yodh, G Yoshida, S Yuan, T European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.07979v1

Simulating polarized light

The Sun has been emitting light and illuminating the Earth for more than four billion years. By analyzing the properties of solar light we can infer a wealth of information about what happens on the Sun. A particularly fascinating (and often overlooked) property of light is its polarization state, which characterizes the orientation of the oscillation in a transverse wave. By measuring light polarization, we can gather precious information about the physical conditions of the solar atmosphere and the magnetic fields present therein.

Search for Multimessenger Sources of Gravitational Waves and High-energy Neutrinos with Advanced LIGO during Its First Observing Run, ANTARES, and IceCube
 Albert, A Andre, M Anghinolfi, M Ardid, M Aubert, J Aublin, J Avgitas, T Baret, B Barrios-Marti, J Basa, S Belhorma, B Bertin, V Biagi, S Bormuth, R Boumaaza, J Bourret, S Bouwhuis, M Branzas, H Bruijn, R Brunner, J Busto, J Capone, A Caramete, L Carr, J Celli, S Chabab, M El Moursli, R Chiarusi, T Circella, M Coelho, J Coleiro, A Colomer, M Coniglione, R Costantini, H Coyle, P Creusot, A Diaz, A Deschamps, A Distefano, C Di Palma, I Domi, A Dona, R Donzaud, C Dornic, D Drouhin, D Eberl, T El Bojaddaini, I El Khayati, N Elsaesser, D Enzenhoefer, A Ettahiri, A Fassi, F Felis, I Fermani, P Ferrara, G Fusco, L Gay, P Glotin, H Gregoire, T Ruiz, R Graf, K Hallmann, S van Haren, H Heijboer, A Hello, Y Hernandez-Rey, J Hoessl, J Hofestaedt, J Illuminati, G de Jong, M Jongen, M Kadler, M Kalekin, O Katz, U Khan-Chowdhury, N Kouchner, A Kreter, M Kreykenbohm, I Kulikovskiy, V Lachaud, C Lahmann, R Lefevre, D Leonora, E Levi, G Lotze, M Loucatos, S Maggi, G Marcelin, M Margiotta, A Marinelli, A Martinez-Mora, J Mele, R Melis, K Migliozzi, P Moussa, A Navas, S Nezri, E Nunez, A Organokov, M Pavalas, G Pellegrino, C Piattelli, P Popa, V Pradier, T Quinn, L Racca, C Randazzo, N Riccobene, G Sanchez-Losa, A Saldana, M Salvadori, I Samtleben, D Sanguineti, M Sapienza, P Schussler, F Spurio, M Stolarczyk, T Taiuti, M Tayalati, Y Trovato, A Vallage, B Van Elewyck, V Versari, F Vivolo, D Wilms, J Zaborov, D Zornoza, J Zuniga, J Aartsen, M Ackermann, M Adams, J Aguilar, J Ahlers, M Ahrens, M Altmann, D Andeen, K Anderson, T Ansseau, I Anton, G Arguelles, C Auffenberg, J Axani, S Backes, P Bagherpour, H Bai, X Barbano, A Barron, J Barwick, S Baum, V Bay, R Beatty, J Tjus, J Becker, K BenZvi, S Berley, D Bernardini, E Besson, D Binder, G Bindig, D Blaufuss, E Blot, S Bohm, C Boerner, M Bos, F Boeser, S Botner, O Bourbeau, E Bourbeau, J Bradascio, F Braun, J Brenzke, M Bretz, H Bron, S Brostean-Kaiser, J Burgman, A Busse, R Carver, T Cheung, E Chirkin, D Clark, K Classen, L Collin, G Conrad, J Coppin, P Correa, P Cowen, D Cross, R Dave, P Day, M de Andre, J De Clercq, C DeLaunay, J Dembinski, H Deoskar, K De Ridder, S Desiati, P de Vries, K de Wasseige, G de With, M DeYoung, T Diaz-Velez, J di Lorenzo, V Dujmovic, H Dumm, J Dunkman, M Dvorak, E Eberhardt, B Ehrhardt, T Eichmann, B Eller, P Evenson, P Fahey, S Fazely, A Felde, J Filimonov, K Finley, C Franckowiak, A Friedman, E Fritz, A Gaisser, T Gallagher, J Ganster, E Garrappa, S Gerhardt, L Ghorbani, K Giang, W Glauch, T Gluesenkamp, T Goldschmidt, A Gonzalez, J Grant, D Griffith, Z Haack, C Hallgren, A Halve, L Halzen, F Hanson, K Hebecker, D Heereman, D Helbing, K Hellauer, R Hickford, S Hignight, J Hill, G Hoffman, K Hoffmann, R Hoinka, T Hokanson-Fasig, B Hoshina, K Huang, F Huber, M Hultqvist, K Huennefeld, M Hussain, R In, S Iovine, N Ishihara, A Jacobi, E Japaridze, G Jeong, M Jero, K Jones, B Kalaczynski, P Kang, W Kappes, A Kappesser, D Karg, T Karle, A Kauer, M Keivani, A Kelley, J Kheirandish, A Kim, J Kintscher, T Kiryluk, J Kittler, T Klein, S Koirala, R Kolanoski, H Koepke, L Kopper, C Kopper, S Koschinsky, J Koskinen, D Kowalski, M Krings, K Kroll, M Krueckl, G Kunwar, S Kurahashi, N Kyriacou, A Labare, M Lanfranchi, J Larson, M Lauber, F Leonard, K Leuermann, M Liu, Q Lohfink, E Mariscal, C Lu, L Lunemann, J Luszczak, W Madsen, J Mahn, K Makino, Y Mancina, S Maris, I Maruyama, R Mase, K Maunu, R Meagher, K Medici, M Meier, M Menne, T Merino, G Meures, T Miarecki, S Micallef, J Momente, G Montaruli, T Moore, R Moulai, M Nagai, R Nahnhauer, R Nakarmi, P Naumann, U Neer, G Niederhausen, H Nowicki, S Nygren, D Pollmann, A Olivas, A O'Murchadha, A O'Sullivan, E Palczewski, T Pandya, H Pankova, D Peiffer, P Pepper, J de los Heros, C Pieloth, D Pinat, E Pizzuto, A Plum, M Price, P Przybylski, G Raab, C Rameez, M Rauch, L Rawlins, K Rea, I Reimann, R Relethford, B Renzi, G Resconi, E Rhode, W Richman, M Robertson, S Rongen, M Rott, C Ruhe, T Ryckbosch, D Rysewyk, D Safa, I Herrera, S Sandrock, A Sandroos, J Santander, M Sarkar, S Satalecka, K Schaufel, M Schlunder, P Schmidt, T Schneider, A Schneider, J Schoeneberg, S Schumacher, L Sclafani, S Seckel, D Seunarine, S Soedingrekso, J Soldin, D Song, M Spiczak, G Spiering, C Stachurska, J Stamatikos, M Stanev, T Stasik, A Stein, R Stettner, J Steuer, A Stezelberger, T Stokstad, R Stossl, A Strotjohann, N Stuttard, T Sullivan, G Sutherland, M Taboada, I Tenholt, F Ter-Antonyan, S Terliuk, A Tilav, S Toale, P Tobin, M Tonnis, C Toscano, S Tosi, D Tselengidou, M Tung, C Turcati, A Turcotte, R Turley, C Ty, B Unger, E Elorrieta, M Usner, M Vandenbroucke, J Van Driessche, W van Eijk, D van Eijndhoven, N Vanheule, S van Santen, J Vraeghe, M Walck, C Wallace, A Wallraff, M Wandler, F Wandkowsky, N Watson, T Waza, A Weaver, C Weiss, M Wendt, C Werthebach, J Westerhoff, S Whelan, B Whitehorn, N Wiebe, K Wiebusch, C Wille, L Williams, D Wills, L Wolf, M Wood, J Wood, T Woolsey, E Woschnagg, K Wrede, G Xu, D Xu, X Xu, Y Yanez, J Yodh, G Yoshida, S Yuan, T Abbott, B Abbott, R Abbott, T Abraham, S Acernese, F Ackley, K Adams, C Adya, V Affeldt, C Agathos, M Agatsuma, K Aggarwal, N Aguiar, O Aiello, L Ain, A Ajith, P Allen, G Allocca, A Aloy, M Altin, P Amato, A Ananyeva, A Anderson, S Anderson, W Angelova, S Antier, S Appert, S Arai, K Araya, M Areeda, J Arene, M Arnaud, N Arun, K Ascenzi, S Ashton, G Aston, S Astone, P Aubin, F Aufmuth, P AultONeal, K Austin, C Avendano, V Avila-Alvarez, A Babak, S Bacon, P Badaracco, F Bader, M Bae, S Baker, P Baldaccini, F Ballardin, G Ballmer, S Banagiri, S Barayoga, J Barclay, S Barish, B Barker, D Barkett, K Barnum, S Barone, F Barr, B Barsotti, L Barsuglia, M Barta, D Bartlett, J Bartos, I Bassiri, R Basti, A Bawaj, M Bayley, J Bazzan, M Becsy, B Bejger, M Belahcene, I Bell, A Beniwal, D Berger, B Bergmann, G Bernuzzi, S Bero, J Berry, C Bersanetti, D Bertolini, A Betzwieser, J Bhandare, R Bidler, J Bilenko, I Bilgili, S Billingsley, G Birch, J Birney, R Birnholtz, O Biscans, S Biscoveanu, S Bisht, A Bitossi, M Bizouard, M Blackburn, J Blair, C Blair, D Blair, R Bloemen, S Bode, N Boer, M Boetzel, Y Bogaert, G Bondu, F Bonilla, E Bonnand, R Booker, P Boom, B Booth, C Bork, R Boschi, V Bose, S Bossie, K Bossilkov, V Bosveld, J Bouffanais, Y Bozzi, A Bradaschia, C Brady, P Bramley, A Branchesi, M Brau, J Briant, T Briggs, J Brighenti, F Brillet, A Brinkmann, M Brisson, V Brockill, P Brooks, A Brown, D Brunett, S Buikema, A Bulik, T Bulten, H Buonanno, A Buskulic, D Buy, C Byer, R Cabero, M Cadonati, L Cagnoli, G Cahillane, C Bustillo, J Callister, T Calloni, E Camp, J Campbell, W Cannon, K Cao, H Cao, J Capocasa, E Carbognani, F Caride, S Carney, M Carullo, G Diaz, J Casentini, C Caudill, S Cavaglia, M Cavalier, F Cavalieri, R Cella, G Cerda-Duran, P Cerretani, G Cesarini, E Chaibi, O Chakravarti, K Chamberlin, S Chan, M Chao, S Charlton, P Chase, E Chassande-Mottin, E Chatterjee, D Chaturvedi, M Cheeseboro, B Chen, H Chen, X Chen, Y Cheng, H Cheong, C Chia, H Chincarini, A Chiummo, A Cho, G Cho, H Cho, M Christensen, N Chu, Q Chua, S Chung, K Chung, S Ciani, G Ciobanu, A Ciolfi, R Cipriano, F Cirone, A Clara, F Clark, J Clearwater, P Cleva, F Cocchieri, C Coccia, E Cohadon, P Cohen, D Colgan, R Colleoni, M Collette, C Collins, C Cominsky, L Constancio Jr, M Conti, L Cooper, S Corban, P Corbitt, T Cordero-Carrion, I Corley, K Cornish, N Corsi, A Cortese, S Costa, C Cotesta, R Coughlin, M Coughlin, S Coulon, J Countryman, S Couvares, P Covas, P Cowan, E Coward, D Cowart, M Coyne, D Coyne, R Creighton, J Creighton, T Cripe, J Croquette, M Crowder, S Cullen, T Cumming, A Cunningham, L Cuoco, E Dal Canton, T Dalya, G Danilishin, S D'Antonio, S Danzmann, K Dasgupta, A Datrier, L Dattilo, V Dave, I Davier, M Davis, D Daw, E DeBra, D Deenadayalan, M Degallaix, J De Laurentis, M Deleglise, S Del Pozzo, W DeMarchi, L Demos, N Dent, T Denys, M De Pietri, R Derby, J De Rosa, R De Rossi, C DeSalvo, R de Varona, O Dhurandhar, S Diaz, M Dietrich, T Di Fiore, L Di Giovanni, M Di Girolamo, T Di Lieto, A Ding, B Di Pace, S Di Renzo, F Dmitriev, A Doctor, Z Donovan, F Dooley, K Doravari, S Dorrington, I Downes, T Drago, M Driggers, J Du, Z Ducoin, J Dupej, P Dwyer, S Easter, P Edo, T Edwards, M Effler, A Ehrens, P Eichholz, J Eikenberry, S Eisenmann, M Eisenstein, R Essick, R Estelles, H Estevez, D Etienne, Z Etzel, T Evans, M Evans, T Fafone, V Fair, H Fairhurst, S Fan, X Farinon, S Farr, B Farr, W Fauchon-Jones, E Favata, M Fays, M Fazio, M Fee, C Feicht, J Fejer, M Feng, F Fernandez-Galiana, A Ferrante, I Ferreira, E Ferreira, T Ferrini, F Fidecaro, F Fiori, I Fiorucci, D Fishbach, M Fisher, R Fishner, J Fitz-Axen, M Flaminio, R Fletcher, M Flynn, E Fong, H Font, J Forsyth, P Fournier, J Frasca, S Frasconi, F Frei, Z Freise, A Frey, R Frey, V Fritschel, P Frolov, V Fulda, P Fyffe, M Gabbard, H Gadre, B Gaebel, S Gair, J Gammaitoni, L Ganija, M Gaonkar, S Garcia, A Garcia-Quiros, C Garufi, F Gateley, B Gaudio, S Gaur, G Gayathri, V Gemme, G Genin, E Gennai, A George, D George, J Gergely, L Germain, V Ghonge, S Ghosh, A Ghosh, S Giacomazzo, B Giaime, J Giardina, K Giazotto, A Gill, K Giordano, G Glover, L Godwin, P Goetz, E Goetz, R Goncharov, B Gonzalez, G Castro, J Gopakumar, A Gorodetsky, M Gossan, S Gosselin, M Gouaty, R Grado, A Graef, C Granata, M Grant, A Gras, S Grassia, P Gray, C Gray, R Greco, G Green, A Green, R Gretarsson, E Groot, P Grote, H Grunewald, S Gruning, P Guidi, G Gulati, H Guo, Y Gupta, A Gupta, M Gustafson, E Gustafson, R Haegel, L Halim, O Hall, B Hall, E Hamilton, E Hammond, G Haney, M Hanke, M Hanks, J Hanna, C Hannuksela, O Hanson, J Hardwick, T Haris, K Harms, J Harry, G Harry, I Haster, C Haughian, K Hayes, F Healy, J Heidmann, A Heintze, M Heitmann, H Hello, P Hemming, G Hendry, M Heng, I Hennig, J Heptonstall, A Hernandez, F Heurs, M Hild, S Hinderer, T Hoak, D Hochheim, S Hofman, D Holgado, A Holland, N Holt, K Holz, D Hopkins, P Horst, C Hough, J Howell, E Hoy, C Hreibi, A Huerta, E Huet, D Hughey, B Hulko, M Husa, S Huttner, S Huynh-Dinh, T Idzkowski, B Iess, A Ingram, C Inta, R Intini, G Irwin, B Isa, H Isac, J Isi, M Iyer, B Izumi, K Jacqmin, T Jadhav, S Jani, K Janthalur, N Jaranowski, P Jenkins, A Jiang, J Johnson, D Jones, A Jones, D Jones, R Jonker, R Ju, L Junker, J Kalaghatgi, C Kalogera, V Kamai, B Kandhasamy, S Kang, G Kanner, J Kapadia, S Karki, S Karvinen, K Kashyap, R Kasprzack, M Katsanevas, S Katsavounidis, E Katzman, W Kaufer, S Kawabe, K Keerthana, N Kefelian, F Keitel, D Kennedy, R Key, J Khalili, F Khan, H Khan, I Khan, S Khan, Z Khazanov, E Khursheed, M Kijbunchoo, N Kim, C Kim, K Kim, W Kim, Y Kimball, C King, E King, P Kinley-Hanlon, M Kirchhoff, R Kissel, J Kleybolte, L Klika, J Klimenko, S Knowles, T Koch, P Koehlenbeck, S Koekoek, G Koley, S Kondrashov, V Kontos, A Koper, N Korobko, M Korth, W Kowalska, I Kozak, D Kringel, V Krishnendu, N Krolak, A Kuehn, G Kumar, A Kumar, P Kumar, R Kumar, S Kuo, L Kutynia, A Kwang, S Lackey, B Lai, K Lam, T Landry, M Lane, B Lang, R Lange, J Lantz, B Lanza, R Lartaux-Vollard, A Lasky, P Laxen, M Lazzarini, A Lazzaro, C Leaci, P Leavey, S Lecoeuche, Y Lee, C Lee, H Lee, J Lee, K Lehmann, J Lenon, A Leroy, N Letendre, N Levin, Y Li, J Li, K Li, T Li, X Lin, F Linde, F Linker, S Littenberg, T Liu, J Liu, X Lo, R Lockerbie, N London, L Longo, A Lorenzini, M Loriette, V Lormand, M Losurdo, G Lough, J Lousto, C Lovelace, G Lower, M Lueck, H Lumaca, D Lundgren, A Lynch, R Ma, Y Macas, R Macfoy, S MacInnis, M Macleod, D Macquet, A Magana-Sandoval, F Zertuche, L Magee, R Majorana, E Maksimovic, I Malik, A Man, N Mandic, V Mangano, V Mansell, G Manske, M Mantovani, M Marchesoni, F Marion, F Marka, S Marka, Z Markakis, C Markosyan, A Markowitz, A Maros, E Marquina, A Marsat, S Martelli, F Martin, I Martin, R Martynov, D Mason, K Massera, E Masserot, A Massinger, T Masso-Reid, M Mastrogiovanni, S Matas, A Matichard, F Matone, L Mavalvala, N Mazumder, N McCann, J McCarthy, R McClelland, D McCormick, S McCuller, L McGuire, S McIver, J McManus, D McRae, T McWilliams, S Meacher, D Meadors, G Mehmet, M Mehta, A Meidam, J Melatos, A Mendell, G Mercer, R Mereni, L Merilh, E Merzougui, M Meshkov, S Messenger, C Messick, C Metzdorff, R Meyers, P Miao, H Michel, C Middleton, H Mikhailov, E Milano, L Miller, A Millhouse, M Mills, J Milovich-Goff, M Minazzoli, O Minenkov, Y Mishkin, A Mishra, C Mistry, T Mitra, S Mitrofanov, V Mitselmakher, G Mittleman, R Mo, G Moffa, D Mogushi, K Mohapatra, S Montani, M Moore, C Moraru, D Moreno, G Morisaki, S Mours, B Mow-Lowry, C Mukherjee, A Mukherjee, D Mukherjee, S Mukund, N Mullavey, A Munch, J Muniz, E Muratore, M Murray, P Nardecchia, I Naticchioni, L Nayak, R Neilson, J Nelemans, G Nelson, T Nery, M Neunzert, A Ng, K Ng, S Nguyen, P Nichols, D Nissanke, S Nocera, F North, C Nuttall, L Obergaulinger, M Oberling, J O'Brien, B O'Dea, G Ogin, G Oh, J Oh, S Ohme, F Ohta, H Okada, M Oliver, M Oppermann, P Oram, R O'Reilly, B 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B Slaven-Blair, T Smith, J Smith, R Somala, S Son, E Sorazu, B Sorrentino, F Souradeep, T Sowell, E Spencer, A Srivastava, A Srivastava, V Staats, K Stachie, C Standke, M Steer, D Steinke, M Steinlechner, J Steinlechner, S Steinmeyer, D Stevenson, S Stocks, D Stone, R Stops, D Strain, K Stratta, G Strigin, S Strunk, A Sturani, R Stuver, A Sudhir, V Summerscales, T Sun, L Sunil, S Suresh, J Sutton, P Swinkels, B Szczepanczyk, M Tacca, M Tait, S Talbot, C Talukder, D Tanner, D Tapai, M Taracchini, A Tasson, J Taylor, R Thies, F Thomas, M Thomas, P Thondapu, S Thorne, K Thrane, E Tiwari, S Tiwari, V Toland, K Tonelli, M Tornasi, Z Torres-Forne, A Torrie, C Toyra, D Travasso, F Traylor, G Tringali, M Trozzo, L Trudeau, R Tsang, K Tse, M Tso, R Tsukada, L Tsuna, D Tuyenbayev, D Ueno, K Ugolini, D Unnikrishnan, C Urban, A Usman, S Vahlbruch, H Vajente, G Valdes, G van Bakel, N van Beuzekom, M van den Brand, J Van Den Broeck, C Vander-Hyde, D van der Schaaf, L van, H van Veggel, A Vardaro, M Varma, V Vass, S Vasuth, M Vecchio, A Vedovato, G Veitch, J Veitch, P Venkateswara, K Venugopalan, G Verkindt, D Vetrano, F Vicere, A Viets, A Vine, D Vinet, J Vitale, S Vo, T Vocca, H Vorvick, C Vyatchanin, S Wade, A Wade, L Wade, M Walet, R Walker, M Wallace, L Walsh, S Wang, G Wang, H Wang, J Wang, W Wang, Y Ward, R Warden, Z Warner, J Was, M Watchi, J Weaver, B Wei, L Weinert, M Weinstein, A Weiss, R Wellmann, F Wen, L Wessel, E Wessels, P Westhouse, J Wette, K Whelan, J Whiting, B Whittle, C Wilken, D Williamson, A Willis, J Willke, B Wimmer, M Winkler, W Wipf, C Wittel, H Woan, G Woehler, J Wofford, J Worden, J Wright, J Wu, D Wysocki, D Xiao, L Yamamoto, H Yancey, C Yang, L Yap, M Yazback, M Yeeles, D Yu, H Yuen, S Yvert, M Zadrozny, A Zanolin, M Zelenova, T Zendri, J Zevin, M Zhang, J Zhang, L Zhang, T Zhao, C Zhou, M Zhou, Z Zhu, X Zucker, M Zweizig, J Collaboration, A Collaboration, I Collaboration, L Collaboration, V ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL volume 870 issue 2 (10 Jan 2019) 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Improving techniques for optimising noisy functions

The problem of optimisation – that is, finding the maximum or minimum of an ‘objective’ function – is one of the most important problems in computational mathematics. Optimisation problems are ubiquitous: traders might optimise their portfolio to maximise (expected) revenue, engineers may optimise the design of a product to maximise efficiency, data scientists minimise the prediction error of machine learning models, and scientists may want to estimate parameters using experimental data.

Structure or randomness in metric diophantine approximation?

Diophantine approximation is about how well real numbers can be approximated by rationals. Say I give you a real number $\alpha$, and I ask you to approximate it by a rational number $a/q$, where $q$ is not too large. A naive strategy would be to first choose $q$ arbitrarily, and to then choose the nearest integer $a$ to $q \alpha$. This would give $| \alpha - a/q| \le 1/(2q)$, and $\pi \approx 3.14$.

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