C6

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In recent joint work with Felipe Flores, it was shown that the C*-algebra generated by the quasi-regular representation of Thompson's F < T is purely infinite. The proof involves an ultrapower technique developed by Robert and later considered by Ozawa. In this talk, we will discuss why ultrapowers are relevant in this context and how one works with them, focusing on a few proof techniques.

Kesten's theorem characterises amenability in terms of spectral radii: a symmetric random walk on a group G has spectral radius 1 if and only if it generates an amenable subgroup.

We prove a quantitative "1%" version of this result for G a free group, or a fully residually free group: for every ε > 0, there is δ > 0 such that for every probability measure μ on G with convolution operator norm at least ε, there is a co-set of an amenable subgroup of G of mass > δ under μ.

This answers a question of Emmanuel Breuillard. We believe the same result to hold in a broader setting of linear groups, with δ depending on the dimension. The proof uses uniform exactness and a generalisation of the Tits alternative.

Joint work with Emmanuel Breuillard.