Past Junior String Theory Seminar

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

In string theory, elementary particles correspond to the various oscillation modes of fundamental strings, whose dynamics in spacetime is described by a two-dimensional conformal field theory on the worldsheet of the propagating strings. While the theory enjoys several desirable features - UV-finiteness, the presence of the graviton in the closed-string spectrum, a pathway to unification - several aspects remain elusive or unsatisfactory, including the on-shell and perturbative nature of string scattering amplitudes and the presence of infrared divergences. String field theory - the formulation of string theory as a quantum field theory - provides a unique and complete framework for describing string dynamics, allowing for example to compute off-shell amplitudes and non-perturbative contributions, to regulate infrared divergences and to approach background independence. This talk will be concerned with the construction of string field theories. Following a brief review of string theory, I will introduce the string fields, and discuss the construction of a string field action and the associated Feynman diagrams. Finally, I will mention some applications before concluding.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

Placing M-theory on a non-compact Calabi-Yau threefold allows us to construct low energy field theories in 5d with minimal supersymmetry, in a limit in which gravity is decoupled.  We venture into this topic by introducing all the building blocks we hope to capture in a 5d SCFT. Next, from the geometric perspective we realise the 5d gauge theory data from the objects within the Calabi-Yau geometry, given by curves, divisors, rulings, and singularities. After seeing how the geometry captures all the possible field theory data, we illustrate how to build some simple 5d SCFTs by placing M-theory on toric Calabi-Yau threefolds.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

In this talk, I will discuss a conjecture of Penrose, which asserts a lower bound on the mass of a spacetime in terms of the area of a suitable horizon. Whilst Penrose presented a physical motivation for this inequality in the 1970s, the only proofs heavily rely upon PDE arguments, and in particular the use of geometric flows. I hope to show in this talk, through this concrete example (and without unpleasant technical details!), how ideas from geometric PDE theory can be helpful in obtaining results in physics.
 

I will introduce basic concepts from category theory that are relevant to the study of generalized symmetries. Then, I will focus on constructions known as equivariantization and de-equivariantization, which allow one to move between categories with a group G-action and those with a Rep(G)-action. I will also discuss their relation to the concept of gauging, if time permits.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

Anomalies in quantum systems are present when a classical symmetry is broken by quantum effects. They give rise to physical predictions and constraints. This talk will focus on the mathematical features of anomalies of continuous, ordinary, symmetries. In the first part, we will review the topological nature of anomalies, in particular the connection to the Atiyah-Singer index theorem and its non-perturbative path-integral computation by Fujikawa. We will then discuss how anomalies and their associated (topological) Chern-Simons polynomials are related to BRST cohomology via the Stora-Zumino chain of descent equations, explaining the connection to the two-step descent procedure reviewed in the talk by Alice Lüscher last term.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

Perturbation theory is one of the main tools in the modern physicist's toolbox to solve problems. Indeed, it can often the only approach we have to computing any quantity of interest in a physical theory. However, perturbative contributions can actually grow as we increase the order. Thus, many perturbative series in physics are asymptotic, with 0 radius of convergence. In this talk, I will describe resurgence, which gives us a way of treat such series, by adding non-perturbative effects in a systematic manner.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

Anomalies characterize the breaking of a classical symmetry at the quantum level. They play an important role in quantum field theories, and constitute robust observables which appear in various contexts from phenomenological particle physics to black hole microstates, or to classify phases of matter. The anomalies of a d-dimensional QFT are naturally encoded via descent equations into the so-called anomaly polynomial in (d+2)-dimensions. The aim of this seminar is to review the descent procedure, anomaly polynomial, anomaly inflow, and in particular their realisation in M-theory. While this is quite an old story, there has been some more recent developments involving holography that I'll describe if time permits. 

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.
 

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

We will discuss the physics of M-theory compactifications onto G2-orbifolds of the type that can be desingularised via the method of Joyce and Karigiannis i.e. orbifolds where one has a singular locus of A1 singularities that admits a nowhere-vanishing (Z2-twisted) harmonic 1-form. Interestingly, there are topologically distinct desingularisations of such orbifolds which we show can be physically interpreted as different branches of the 4d vacuum moduli space of the arising gauge theories: Coulomb and Higgs branches. The results suggest generalisations of the results of Joyce and Karigiannis to G2-orbifolds with more diverse ADE singularities and higher order twists. As a bonus, we also get an isomorphism between the moduli space of flat connections on flat compact 3-manifolds and the moduli space of Ricci flat metrics on the G2-orbifolds. We will briefly discuss this. Based on 2309.12869 and 2312.12311.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.

Junior Strings is a seminar series where DPhil students present topics of common interest that do not necessarily overlap with their own research area. This is primarily aimed at PhD students and post-docs but everyone is welcome.