I will prove that the knot Floer homology group
HFK-hat(K, g-1) for a genus g fibered knot K is isomorphic to a
variant of the fixed points Floer homology of an area-preserving
representative of its monodromy. This is a joint work with Gilberto
Spano.
 

(joint work with Françoise Dal'Bo and Andrea Sambusetti)

Given a finitely generated group G acting properly on a metric space X, the exponential growth rate of G with respect to X measures "how big" the orbits of G are. If H is a subgroup of G, its exponential growth rate is bounded above by the one of G. In this work we are interested in the following question: what can we say if H and G have the same exponential growth rate? This problem has both a combinatorial and a geometric origin. For the combinatorial part, Grigorchuck and Cohen proved in the 80's that a group Q = F/N (written as a quotient of the free group) is amenable if and only if N and F have the same exponential growth rate (with respect to the word length). About the same time, Brooks gave a geometric interpretation of Kesten's amenability criterion in terms of the bottom of the spectrum of the Laplace operator. He obtained in this way a statement analogue to the one of Grigorchuck and Cohen for the deck automorphism group of the cover of certain compact hyperbolic manifolds. These works initiated many fruitful developments in geometry, dynamics and group theory. We focus here one the class of Gromov hyperbolic groups and propose a framework that encompasses both the combinatorial and the geometric point of view. More precisely we prove that if G is a hyperbolic group acting properly co-compactly on a metric space X which is either a Cayley graph of G or a CAT(-1) space, then the growth rate of H and G coincide if and only if H is co-amenable in G.  In addition if G has Kazhdan property (T) we prove that there is a gap between the growth rate of G and the one of its infinite index subgroups.

This talk is concerned with quantitative periodic homogenization in domains with boundaries. The quantitative analysis near boundaries leads to the study of boundary layers correctors, which have in general a nonperiodic structure. The interaction between the boundary and the microstructure creates geometric resonances, making the study of the asymptotics or continuity properties particularly challenging. The talk is based on work with S. Armstrong, T. Kuusi and J.-C. Mourrat, as well as work by Z. Shen and J. Zhuge

In this talk I will start with a brief overview of the Cauchy problem for the Einstein equations of general relativity, and in particular the nonlinear stability of the trivial Minkowski solution in wave gauge as shown by Lindblad and Rodnianski. I will then discuss the Kaluza Klein spacetime of the form $R^{1+3} \times K$ where $K$ is the $n-$torus with the flat metric.  An interesting question to ask is whether this solution to the Einstein equations, viewed as an initial value problem, is stable to small perturbations of the initial data. Motivated by this problem, I will outline how the proof of stability in a restricted class of perturbations in fact follows from the work of Lindblad and Rodnianski, and discuss the physical justification behind this restriction. 

The Fujita equation $u_{t}=\Delta u+u^{p}$, $p>1$, has been a canonical blow-up model for more than half a century. A great deal is known about the singularity formation under a variety of conditions. In particular we know that blow-up behaviour falls broadly into two categories, namely Type I and Type II. The former is generic and stable while the latter is rare and highly unstable. One of the central results in the field states that in the Sobolev subcritical regime, $1<p<\frac{n+2}{n-2}$, $n\geq 3$, only type I is possible whenever the domain is \emph{convex} in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Despite considerable effort the requirement of convexity has not been lifted and it is not clear whether this is an artefact of the methodology or whether the geometry of the domain may actually affect the blow-up type. In my talk I will discuss how the question of the blow-up type for non-convex domains is intimately related to the validity of some Li-Yau-Hamilton inequalities.

Phase transitions and critical phenomena are ubiquitous in Nature. They permeate physics, chemistry, biology and complex systems in general, and are characterized by the role of correlations and fluctuations of many degrees of freedom. From a mathematical viewpoint, in the vicinity of a critical point, thermodynamic quantities exhibit singularities and scaling properties. Theoretical attempts to describe classical phase transitions using tools from differential topology and Morse theory provided strong arguments pointing that a phase transition may emerge as a consequence of topological changes in the configuration space around the critical point.

On the other hand, much work was done concerning the topology of networks which spontaneously emerge in complex systems, as is the case of the genome, brain, and social networks, most of these built intrinsically based on measurements of the correlations among the constituents of the system.

We aim to transpose the topological methodology previously applied in n-dimensional manifolds, to describe phenomena that emerge from correlations in a complex system, in which case Hamiltonian models are hard to invoke. The main idea is to embed the network onto an n-dimensional manifold and to study the equivalent to level sets of the network according to a filtration parameter, which can be the probability for a random graph or even correlations from fMRI measurements as height function in the context of Morse theory.  By doing so, we were able to find topological phase transitions either in random networks and fMRI brain networks.  Moreover, we could identify high-dimensional structures, in corroboration with the recent finding from the blue brain project, where neurons could form structures up to eleven dimensions.The efficiency and generality of our methodology are illustrated for a random graph, where its Euler characteristic can be computed analytically, and for brain networks available in the human connectome project.  Our results give strong arguments that the Euler characteristic, together with the distributions of the high dimensional cliques have potential use as topological biomarkers to classify brain Networks. The above ideas may pave the way to describe topological phase transitions in complex systems emerging from correlation data.

A granular material forms a distinct and fascinating phase in physics -- sand acts as a fluid as grains flow through your fingers, the fallen grains form a solid heap on the floor or may suspend in the wind like a gas.

The main challenge of studying granular materials is the development of constitutive models valid across scales, from the micro-scale (collisions between individual particles), via the meso-scale (flow structures inside avalanches) to the macro-scale (dunes, heaps, chute flows).

In this talk, I am highlighting three recent projects from my laboratory, each highlighting physical behavior at a different scale. First, using the property of birefringence, we are quantifying both kinetic and dynamic properties in an avalanche of macroscopic particles and measure rheological properties. Secondly, we explore avalanches on an erodible bed that display an intriguing dynamic intermittency between regimes. Lastly, we take a closer look at aqueous (water-driven) dunes in a novel rotating experiment and resolve an outstanding scaling controversy between migration velocity and dune dimension.