Past Advanced Class Logic

I will give an update on a proposed model theory for directed limits and colimits of first-order structures, originally motivated by applications to commutative algebra and the model theory of valued fields. To illustrate the usefulness of the formalism, I will prove a new general AKE theorem in mixed characteristic in a language with a cross-section of the value group and a lift of the residue field.

I will also discuss connections with other approaches to this topic, including pro- and ind-definable sets, infinitary logic, Feferman's local functors, accessible functors, and ultraproducts, some of which I have not discussed previously.

I am going to talk on a work aimed at formalising approximation procedures in physics.  The main new model-theoretic tool in this work is the notion of the ultraproduct in the classes of emerging metric structures which generalises the ultraproduct  of general structures developed by J.Kiesler. In particular, the structure of Minkowski spacetime with the action of the Lorentz group is an emerging metric ultraproduct of certain finite structures invariant under the action of appropriate finite groups. Also, it is shown that any compact simple Lie group is representable as emerging metric ultraproduct of finite groups.
 

Abstract elementary classes (AECs) provide an extension of first order model theory in which we can still attempt a classification theory. The question of when limit models (a kind of surrogate for saturated models for AECs) are isomorphic has connections to important open problems in AECs, such as Shelah's categoricity conjecture. Most work in this area is towards 'positive' results - that is, showing limit models are isomorphic. The question of when limit models are not isomorphic is less explored.

In this talk we give a full characterisation of the spectrum of limit models under reasonable assumptions in a stable AEC - that is, describe completely which limit models are isomorphic and which are not. In particular this applies to the first order stable setting. Given time we will discuss applications, a more general result in the 'positive' direction, and touch on a recent result which says that all high cofinality limit models are disjoint amalgamation bases. Based largely on joint work with Marcos Mazari-Armida.

We reformulate the statement that the theory of the free group is stable in terms of simplicial diagram chasing and profinite sets, without any terminology from logic. This includes three characterisations of stability (via indiscernible sequences, counting types, and definable types), and the notions of a first order theory and a model.

We do so by generalising slightly and allowing the universe of a first order structure/model to be an arbitrary (symmetric) simplicial set: formulas and basic predicates now may denote sets of simplices of an arbitrary (symmetric) simplicial set rather than sets of tuples of elements of a set. In this generalised sense the type space functor of a theory is its universal model classifying its usual models: taking the type of a tuple gives a map from a usual model of a theory to its type space functor. We define a property of simplicial maps weaker then being a fibration, and find it appears in the conditions characterising which maps correspond to models, when the generalised semantics is well-behaved, and which symmetric simplicial profinite sets correspond to first order theories.

Existential decidability of a ring is the question as to whether an algorithm exists which determines whether a given system of polynomial equations and inequations has a solution. It is a classical result (``Hilbert's 10th problem'') that the ring of integers is not existentially decidable. Over the years there has been many results related to Hilbert 10th problem over different fields. For instance, the existential decidability of a Henselian valued field of mixed characteristic and finite ramification can be reduced to the positive existential decidability of its residue field, plus some additional structure.

An example of a mixed characteristic Henselian field is the fraction field of Witt Vectors. It is a construction analogous to the construction of the p-adic numbers from $\mathbb{F}_p$, and it takes a perfect field $F$ of characteristic $p$ and constructs a field with value group $\mathbb{Z}$ and residue field $F$. We will look at the existential decidability of the Henselian valued fields arising from finite extensions of the Witt vectors over a positive characteristic Henselian valued field. I will report on our progress so far, the problems that we have encountered, and the goals we are working toward.

A first-order theory $T$ is a model-complete core theory if every first-order formula is equivalent modulo $T$ to an existential positive formula; a core companion of a theory $T$ is a model-complete core theory $S$ such that every model of $T$ maps homomorphically to a model of $S$ and vice-versa. Whilst core companions may not exist in general, if they exist, they are unique. Moreover, $\omega$-categorical theories always have a core companion, which is also $\omega$-categorical.

In the first part of this talk, we show that many model-theoretic properties, such as stability, NIP, simplicity, and NSOP, are preserved when moving to the core companion of a complete theory.

In the second part of this talk, we study the notion of core interpretability, which arises by taking the core companions of structures interpretable in a given structure. We show that there are structures which are core interpretable but not interpretable in $(\mathbb{N};=)$ or $(\mathbb{Q};<)$. We conjecture that the class of structures which are core interpretable in $(\mathbb{N};=)$ equals the class of $\omega$-stable first-order reducts of finitely homogeneous relational structures, which was studied by Lachlan in the 80's. We present some partial results in this direction, including the answer a question of Walsberg.

This is joint work with Manuel Bodirsky and Bertalan Bodor.

The restricted Burnside problem asks whether, for each natural numbers r and n, there are only finitely many finite r-generated groups of exponent n. The solution of this problem was given by Kostrikin in the 1960s for prime exponent, then by Efim Zelmanov in 1991, for which he was awarded the Fields medal in 1994. In fact, both Kostrikin and Zelmanov results concern Lie algebras, and are a perfect illustration of Lie methods in group theory: how to reduce questions on groups to questions on Lie algebras. Starting from a finitely generated group, one may construct an "associated Lie algebra" which, for the case of exponent p, is n-Engel, i.e. satisfies the n-Engel identity: [x,y,y,...,y] = 0 (n times). For that case, the restricted Burnside problem reduces to proving that every finitely generated n-Engel Lie algebra is nilpotent.

In 1988, Zelmanov proved the ultimate generalization of Engel's classical result: every n-Engel Lie algebra over a field of characteristic 0 is nilpotent. This theorem has the following consequence: for every n there exists N such that every n-Engel Lie algebra of characteristic p>N is nilpotent. It also has consequences for Engel groups.

The proof is rather involved and consists mainly of some intense Lie algebra computations, sprinkled with several beautiful tricks. In particular, the surprising use of the representation theory of the symmetric group has inspired several other authors since then.

In this talk, I will present a little bit of all this. For instance, we will study the case of 3-Engel Lie algebras and I will explain how some part of Zelmanov's proof was re-used by Vaughan-Lee and Traustason to reduce the algorithmic complexity of computing in 4-Engel Lie algebras.

In this ``journal club''-style advanced class, I will present some material from a recent paper of Tom Scanlon https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.17485 . Motivated by the question of decidability of the field C(t) of complex rational functions in one variable, he considers the structure $(\mathbb{C};+,\cdot,CM)$ of the complex field expanded by a predicate for the set CM of j-invariants of elliptic curves with complex multiplication (the "special points"). Analogous to Zilber's result from the 90s on stability of the expansion by a predicate for the roots of unity, Scanlon shows that Pila's solution to the André-Oort conjecture implies that this structure is stable, and moreover that effectivity in this conjecture due to Binyamini implies decidability. I aim to explain Scanlon's proof of this result in some detail.
 

Elekes and Szabó established non-trivial incidence bounds for binary algebraic relations in characteristic 0, generalizing the Szemerédi-Trotter theorem for point-line-incidence. This was later generalized to binary relations defined in reducts of so-called distal structures in a result of Chernikov, Peterzil and Starchenko. For fields of positive characteristic, such bounds fail to hold in general. Bays and Martin apply the bounds for distal structures in the context of valued fields to derive incidence bounds in the sense of Szemerédi-Trotter in fields admitting valuations with finite residue field, such as F_p(t). We show that this result can be made uniform in the size of the finite residue field, by making precise in some sense the intuition that ACVF is distal relative to the residue field. In this talk, I will introduce the relevant notions from incidence combinatorics and distality, before outlining a proof of the uniform-in-p result.

The theory of characters for infinite groups, initiated by Thoma, is a natural generalization of the representation theory of finite groups. More precisely, a character on a discrete group is a normalised positive definite function which is conjugation invariant and extremal. Connes conjectured a rigidity result for characters of an important family of discrete groups, namely, irreducible lattices in higher-rank semisimple Lie groups. The conjecture states that every character is either the trace of a finite-dimensional representation, or vanishes off the center. This rigidity property implies the Stuck-Zimmer conjecture for such lattices, namely, ergodic actions are either essentially transitive or essentially free. I will present a recent joint result with Michael Glasner, Yuval Gorfine, Liam Hanany and Arie Levit in which we prove that non-uniform irreducible lattices in higher-rank semisimple groups are character rigid. As a result, we also obtain a resolution of the Stuck-Zimmer conjecture for all non-uniform lattices.

This talk focuses on the logic side of the following result: the non-definability of free independence in the theory of tracial von Neumann algebras and C*-probability spaces. I will introduce continuous model theory, which is suitable for the study of metric structures. Definability in the continuous setting differs slightly from that in the discrete case. I will introduce its definition, give examples of definable sets, and prove an equivalent ultrapower condition of it. A. Berenstein and C. W. Henson exposited model theory for probability spaces in 2023, which was done with continuous model theory. It makes it natural for us to consider the definability of the notion of free independence in probability spaces. I will explain our result, which gives an example of a non-definable set.

This is work with William Boulanger and Emma Harvey, supervised by Jenny Pi and Jakub Curda.

I will talk about some recent work with Tingxiang Zou on higher-dimensional Elekes-Szabó problems in the case of an Ind-constructible action of a group G on a variety X. We expect nilpotent algebraic subgroups N of G to be responsible for any such; this roughly means that if H and A are finite subsets with non-expansion |H*A| <= |A|^{1+\eta}, then H concentrates on a coset of some such N.

A natural example is the action of the Cremona group of birational transformations of the plane. I will talk about a recent result which confirms the above expectation when we restrict to the group of polynomial automorphisms of the plane, using Jung's description of this group as an amalgamated free product, as well as some work in progress which combines weak polynomial Freiman-Ruzsa with effective Mordell-Lang, after Akshat Mudgal, to handle some further special cases.

Building on Leo’s talk last week, I will present the full Galois characterisation of henselianity and introduce some of the ‘explicit’ ingredients he referred to during his presentation. In particular, I will describe a Galois cohomology-inspired criterion for distinguishing between different characteristics. I will then outline the full proof of the Galois characterisation of p-adically closed fields, indicating how each of the ingredients enters the argument.

The absolute Galois group of ℚₚ determines its field structure: a field K is p-adically closed if and only if its absolute Galois group is isomorphic to that of ℚₚ. This Galois-theoretic characterisation was proved by Koenigsmann in 1995, building on previous work by Arason, Elman, Jacob, Ware, and Pop. Similar results were obtained by Efrat and further developed in his 2006 book.

Our project aims to provide an optimal proof of this characterisation, incorporating improvements and new developments. These include a revised proof strategy; Efrat's construction of valuations via multiplicative stratification; the Galois characterisation of henselianity; systematic use of the standard decomposition; and the function field analogy of Krasner-Kazhdan-Deligne type. Moreover, we replace arguments that use Galois cohomology with elementary ones.

In this talk, I will focus on two key components of the proof: the construction of valuations from rigid elements, and the role of the function field analogy as developed via the non-standard methods of Jahnke-Kartas.

This is joint work with Jochen Koenigsmann and Benedikt Stock.

I introduce modal group theory, where one investigates the class of all groups using embeddability as a modal operator. By employing HNN extensions, I demonstrate that the modal language of groups is more expressive than the first-order language of groups. Furthermore, I establish that the theory of true arithmetic, viewed as sets of Gödel numbers, is computably isomorphic to the modal theory of finitely presented groups. Finally, I resolve an open question posed by Sören Berger, Alexander Block, and Benedikt Löwe by proving that the propositional modal validities of groups constitute precisely the modal logic S4.2.

We establish that a criterion based on ring-theoretic amenability is both necessary and sufficient for the abelian version of the Elekes-Szabó theorem to be sharp in the case of positive characteristic. Moreover, the criterion is always sufficient. We provide illustrative examples in the theories ACF_p and DCF_0.

I will talk about intersection theory over any globally valued field and how it is connected to some model-theoretic problems.

We shall explain how to represent a couple of basic notions in model theory by standard simplicial diagrams from homotopy theory. Namely, we shall see that the notions of a {definable/invariant type}, {convergence}, and {contractibility} are defined by the same simplicial formula, and so are that of a {complete E-M type} and an {idempotent of an oo-category}.  The first reformulation makes precise Hrushovski's point of view that a definable/invariant type is an operation on types rather than a property of a type depending on the choice of a model, and suggests a notion of a type over a {space} of parameters. The second involves the nerve of the category with a single idempotent non-identity morphism, and leads to a reformulation of {non-dividing} somewhat similar to that of lifting idempotents in an oo-category. If time permits, I shall also present simplicial reformulations of distality, NIP, and simplicity.

We do so by associating with a theory the simplicial set of its n-types, n>0. This simplicial set, or rather its symmetrisation, appeared earlier in model theory under the names of {type structure}  (M.Morley. Applications of topology to Lw1w. 1974), {type category} (R.Knight, Topological Spaces and Scattered Theories. 2007), {type space functors} (Haykazyan. Spaces of Types in Positive Model Theory. 2019; M.Kamsma. Type space functors and interpretations in positive logic. 2022).

I will talk about preliminaries in Arakelov geometry. Also, a historical overview will be provided. This talk will be the basis of a later talk about the theory of globally valued fields.

In algebraic geometry, the technique of dévissage reduces many questions to the case of curves. In difference and differential algebra, this is not the case, but the obstructions can be closely analysed. In difference algebra, they are difference varieties defined by equations of the form \si(𝑥)=𝑔𝑥\si(x)=gx, determined by an action of an algebraic group and an element g of this group. This is joint work with Zoé Chatzidakis.

In algebraic geometry, the technique of dévissage reduces many questions to the case of curves. In difference and differential algebra, this is not the case, but the obstructions can be closely analysed. In difference algebra, they are difference varieties defined by equations of the form $\si(x)=g x$, determined by an action of an algebraic group and an element g of this group. This is joint work with Zoé Chatzidakis.

I will talk about the connections between the Siu inequality and existence of the model companion for GVFs. The talk will be partially based on a joint work with Antoine Sedillot.

The class of henselian valued fields with non-discrete value group is not well-understood. In 2018, Koenigsmann conjectured that a list of seven natural axioms describes a complete axiomatisation of Q_p^ab, the maximal extension of the p-adic numbers Q_p with abelian Galois group, which is an example of such a valued field. Informed by the recent work of Jahnke-Kartas on the model theory of perfectoid fields, we formulate an eighth axiom (the discriminant property) that is not a consequence of the other seven. Revisiting work by Koenigsmann (the Galois characterisation of Q_p) and Jahnke-Kartas, we give a uniform treatment of their underlying method. In particular, we highlight how this method yields short, non-standard model-theoretic proofs of known results (e.g. finite extensions of perfectoid fields are perfectoid).

Jochen Koenigsmann’s Habilitation introduced a classification of fields elementarily characterised by their absolute Galois groups, including two conjecturally empty families. The emptiness of one of these families would follow from a Galois cohomological conjecture concerning radically closed fields formulated by Koenigsmann. A promising approach to resolving this conjecture involves the use of local-global principles in Galois cohomology. This talk examines the conceptual foundations of this method, highlights its relevance to Koenigsmann’s classification, and evaluates existing local-global principles with regard to their applicability to this conjecture.

Please attend if you would like to give a talk in the Logic Advanced Class this term.

Solovay defined the inner model $L(\mathbb{R}, \mu)$ in the context of $\mathsf{AD}_{\mathbb{R}}$ by using it to define the supercompactness measure $\mu$ on $\mathcal{P}_{\omega_1}(\mathbb{R})$ naturally given by $\mathsf{AD}_{\mathbb{R}}$. Solovay speculated that stronger versions of this inner model should exist, corresponding to stronger versions of the measure $\mu$. Woodin, in his unpublished work, defined $\mu_{\infty}$ which is arguably the ultimate version of the supercompactness measure $\mu$ that Solovay had defined. I will talk about $\mu_{\infty}$ in the context of $\mathsf{AD}^+$ and the axiom $\mathsf{V} = \mathsf{Ultimate\ L}$.

https://woloszyn.org/

Does the limit construction for inverse systems of first-order structures preserve elementary equivalence? I will give sufficient conditions for when this is the case. Using Karp's theorem, we explain the connection between a syntactic and formal-semantic approach to inverse limits of structures. We use this to give a simple proof of van den Dries' AKE theorem (in ZFC), a general AKE theorem for mixed characteristic henselian valued fields with no assumptions on ramification. We also recall a seemingly forgotten result of Feferman, that can be interpreted as a "saturated" AKE theorem in positive characteristic: given two elementarily equivalent $\aleph_1$-saturated fields $k$ and $k'$, the formal power series rings $k[[t]]$ and $k'[[t]]$ are elementarily equivalent as well. We thus hope to popularise some ideas from categorical logic.

Consider definable sets over the family of finite fields $\mathbb{F}_q$. Ax proved a quantifier-elimination result for this theory, in a reasonable geometric language. Chatzidakis, Van den Dries and Macintyre showed that to a first-order approximation, the cardinality of a definable set $X$ is definable in a very mild expansion of Ax's theory.  Can such a statement be true of the next higher order approximation, i.e. can we write $|X(\mathbb{F}_q)| = aq^{d} + bq^{d-1/2} + o(q^{d-1/2})$, with $d,a,b$ varying definably with $X$ in a tame theory?    Here $b$ must be viewed as real-valued so continuous logic is needed. I will report on joint work in progress with Will Johnson.

I will report on a joint work with Pablo Destic and Nuno Hultberg, about some applications of Globally Valued Fields (GVFs) and I will describe a density result that we needed, which turns out to be connected to Riemann-Zariski and Berkovich spaces.

I will present a recent work with G. Kocharyan, where we show the undecidability of the following two problems: given a finitely generated subgroup G of GL(n,Q), a) determine whether G has a non-identity element whose (i,j) entry is equal to zero, and b) determine whether the stabilizer of a given vector in G is non-trivial. Undecidability of problem b) answers a question of Dixon from 1985. The proofs reduce to the undecidability of the word problem for finitely presented groups.

Motivated by work of Hrushovski on pseudofinite fields with an additive character we investigate the theory ACFA+ which is the model companion of the theory of difference fields with an additive character on the fixed field. Building on results by Hrushovski we can recover it as the characteristic 0-asymptotic theory of the algebraic closure of finite fields with the Frobenius-automorphism and the standard character on the fixed field. We characterise 3-amalgamation in ACFA+. As cosequences we obtain that ACFA+ is a simple theory, an explicit description of the connected component of the Kim-Pillay group and (weak) elimination of imaginaries. If time permits we present some results on higher amalgamation.

We will decide on speakers for Trinity term 2024.

I will talk about some model-theoretic properties of Booleanizations of theories, subdirect products of structures, and sheaves of structures. I will discuss a result of Macintyre from 1973 on model-completeness, and more recent results jointly with Ehud Hrushovski and with Angus Macintyre.