Past

A variety of groups is an equationally defined class of groups, namely the class of groups in which each of a set of "laws" (or "identical relations") holds. Examples include the abelian groups (defined by the law $xy = yx$), the groups of exponent dividing $d$ (defined by the law $x^d$), the nilpotent groups of class at most some fixed integer, and the solvable groups of derived length at most some fixed integer. This talk will give an introduction to varieties of groups, and then conclude with recent work on determining for certain varieties whether, for fixed coprime $m$ and $n$, a group $G$ is in the variety if and only if the power subgroups $G^m$ and $G^n$ (generated by the $m$-th and $n$-th powers) are in the variety.

Every finite regular CW complex is, ipso facto, a cohomologically stratified space when filtered by skeleta. We outline a method to recover the canonical (i.e., coarsest possible) stratification of such a complex that is compatible with its underlying cell structure. Our construction proceeds by first localizing and then resolving a complex of cosheaves which capture local cohomology at every cell. The result is a sequence of categories whose limit recovers the desired strata via its (isomorphism classes of) objects. As a bonus, we observe that the entire process is algorithmic and amenable to efficient computations!

Given two $k$-graphs $H$ and $F$, a perfect $F$-packing in $H$ is a collection of vertex-disjoint copies of $F$ in $H$ which together cover all the vertices in $H$. In the case when $F$ is a single edge, a perfect $F$-packing is simply a perfect matching. For a given fixed $F$, it is generally the case that the decision problem whether an $n$-vertex $k$-graph $H$ contains a perfect $F$-packing is NP-complete.

In this talk we describe a general tool which can be used to determine classes of (hyper)graphs for which the corresponding decision problem for perfect $F$-packings is polynomial time solvable. We then give applications of this tool. For example, we give a minimum $\ell$-degree condition for which it is polynomial time solvable to determine whether a $k$-graph satisfying this condition has a perfect matching (partially resolving a conjecture of Keevash, Knox and Mycroft). We also answer a question of Yuster concerning perfect $F$-packings in graphs.

This is joint work with Jie Han (Sao Paulo).
 

The Morita Frobenius number of an algebra is the number of Morita equivalence classes of its Frobenius twists. Morita Frobenius numbers were introduced by Kessar in 2004 in the context of Donovan’s Conjecture in block theory. I will present the latest results of a project in which we aim to calculate the Morita Frobenius numbers of the blocks of quasi-simple finite groups. I will also discuss the importance of a recent result of Bonnafe-Dat-Rouquier for our methods, and explain the relationship between Morita Frobenius numbers and Donovan’s Conjecture. 

In various research fields such as machine learning, compressed sensing and operations research, optimization problems which seek sparsity of solutions by the cardinality constraint or rank constraint are studied. We formulate such problems as DC (Difference of two Convex functions) optimization problems and apply DC Algorithm (DCA) to them. While a subproblem needs to be solved in each DCA iteration, its closed-form solution can be easily obtained by soft-thresholding operation. Numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed DCA in comparison with existing methods.
This is a joint work with J. Gotoh (Chuo Univ.) and K. Tono (U. Tokyo). 

Quantization is the study of the interface between commutative and
noncommutative geometry. There are myriad approaches to it, mostly presented
as ad hoc recipes. I shall discuss the motivating ideas, and the relations
between some of the methods, especially the relation between 'deformation'
and 'geometric' quantization.

What makes an intersection likely or unlikely? A simple dimension count shows that two varieties of dimension r and s are non "likely" to intersect if r < codim s, unless there are some special geometrical relations among them. A series of conjectures due to Bombieri-Masser-Zannier, Zilber and Pink rely on this philosophy. I will speak about a joint work with F. Barroero (Basel) in this framework in the special case of a curve in a family of elliptic curves. The proof is based on Pila-Zannier method, combining diophantine ingredients with a refinement of a theorem of Pila and Wilkie about counting rational points in sets definable in o-minimal structures.
   Everyone welcome!
 

A familiar technique in PDE theory is to use mollification to adjust a function controlled in some weak norm into a smooth function with corresponding control on its $C^k$ norm. It would be extremely useful to be able to do the same sort of regularisation for Riemannian metrics, and one might hope to use Ricci flow to do this. However, attempting to do so throws up some fundamental problems concerning the well-posedness of Ricci flow. I will explain some recent developments that allow us to use Ricci flow in this way in certain important cases. In particular, the Ricci flow will now allow us to adjust a `noncollapsed’ 3-manifold with a lower bound on its Ricci curvature through a family of such manifolds, without disturbing the Riemannian distance function too much, and so that we instantly obtain uniform bounds on the full curvature tensor and all its derivatives. These ideas lead to the resolution of some long-standing open problems in geometry.

No previous knowledge of Ricci flow will be assumed, and differential geometry prerequisites will be kept to a minimum.

Joint work with Miles Simon.
 

If we fix a rectangle in the affine real space and if we choose at random a real polynomial with given degree d, the probability P(d) that a component of its vanishing locus crosses the rectangle in its length is clearly positive. But is P(d) uniformly bounded from below when d increases? I will explain a positive answer to a very close question involving real analytic functions. This is a joint work with Vincent Beffara.

 

Any closed 3-manifold can be obtained by glueing two handle bodies along their boundary. For a fixed such glueing, any other differs by changing the glueing map by an element in the mapping class group. Beginning with an idea of Dunfield and Thurston, we can use a random walk on the mapping class group to construct random 3-manifolds. I will report on recent work on the structure of such manifolds, in particular in view of tower of coverings and their topological growth: Torsion homology growth, the minimal degree of a cover with positive Betti number, expander families. I will in particularly explain the connection to some open questions about the mapping class group.

The Ising model is one of the most classical statistical mechanics model, which has seen spectacular mathematical and physical developments for almost a century. The description of its scaling limit at the phase transition is at the center of a fascinating (conjectured) connection between statistical mechanics and field theories. I will discuss how recent mathematical progress allows one to make the connection between the two-dimensional Ising model and Conformal Field Theory rigorous. If time allows, I will discuss the insight this gives one into related models and field theories.

Based off joint works with S. Benoist, D. Chelkak, H. Duminil-Copin, R. Gheissari, K. Izyurov, F. Johansson-Viklund, K. Kytölä, S. Park and S. Smirnov

Instanton bundles were introduced by Atiyah, Drinfeld, Hitchin and Manin in the late 1970s as the holomorphic counterparts, via twistor
theory, to anti-self-dual connections (a.k.a. instantons) on the sphere S^4. We will revise some recent results regarding some of the basic
geometrical features of their moduli spaces, and on its possible degenerations. We will describe the singular loci of instanton sheaves,
and how these lead to new irreducible components of the moduli space of stable sheaves on the projective space.

Localization and holography are powerful approaches to the computation of supersymmetric observables. The computations may, however, include divergences. Therefore, one needs renormalization schemes preserving supersymmetry. I will consider minimal gauged supergravity in five dimensions to demonstrate that the standard holographic renormalization scheme breaks supersymmetry, and propose a set of non-standard boundary counterterms that restore supersymmetry. I will then show that for a certain class of solutions the improved on-shell action correctly reproduces an intrinsic observable of four-dimensional SCFTs, the supersymmetric Casimir energy.

The law of quadratic reciprocity and the celebrated connection between modular forms and elliptic curves over Q are both examples of reciprocity laws. Constructing new reciprocity laws is one of the goals of the Langlands program, which is meant to connect number theory with harmonic analysis and representation theory.

In this talk, I will survey some recent progress in establishing new reciprocity laws, relying on the Galois representations attached to torsion classes which occur in the cohomology of arithmetic hyperbolic 3-manifolds. I will outline joint work in progress on better understanding these Galois representations, proving modularity lifting theorems in new settings, and applying this to elliptic curves over imaginary quadratic fields.

Regenerative medicine offers great hope in curing many currently untreatable diseases. Tissue engineering and stem cell therapy are the two main components of regenerative medicine. In this talk, I will discuss how engineering can make contributions to this highly interdisciplinary field, including biomaterials as 3D scaffolds, bioreactor design, and stem cell bioprocessing.

We give a description of the spectra of $\hat{\mathbb Z}$ and of the
finite adeles using  ultraproducts. In describing the prime ideals and the
localizations, ultrapowers of the group $\mathbb Z$ and ultraproducts of
rings of $p$-adic integers are used.

We adopt the paradigm of understanding how the heart develops during pregnancy as a first principal to inform on adult heart repair and regeneration. Our target for cell-based repair is the epicardium and epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) which line the outside of the forming heart and contribute vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells to the coronary vasculature, interstitial fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. The epicardium can also act as a source of signals to condition the growth of the underlying embryonic heart muscle. In the adult heart, whilst the epicardium is retained, it is effectively quiescent. We have sought to extrapolate the developmental potential of the epicardium to the adult heart following injury by stimulating dormant epicardial cells to give rise to new muscle and vasculature. In parallel, we seek to modulate the local environment into which the new cells emerge: a cytotoxic mixture of inflammation and fibrosis which prevents cell engraftment and integration with survived heart tissue. To this end we manipulate the lymphatic vessels in the heart given that, elsewhere in the body, the lymphatics survey the immune system and modulate inflammation at peripheral injury sites. We recently described the development of the cardiac lymphatic vasculature and revealed in the adult heart that they undergo increased vessel sprouting (lymphangiogenesis) in response to injury, to improve function, remodelling and fibrosis. We are currently investigating whether increased lymphangiogenesis functions to clear immune cells and constrain the reparative response for optimal healing.

For a smooth projective scheme Y over W(k) we consider an element in the motivic Chow group of the reduction Y_m over the truncated Witt ring W_m(k) and give a "Hodge" criterion - using the crystalline cycle class in relative crystalline cohomology - for the element to the lift to the continuous Chow group of Y. The result extends previous work of Bloch-Esnault-Kerz on the p-adic variational Hodge conjecture to a relative setting. In the course of the proof we derive two new results on the relative de Rham-Witt complex and its Nygaard filtration, and work with relative syntomic complexes to define relative motivic complexes for a smooth, formal lifting of Y_m over W(W_m(k)).

Road travel is taking longer each year in the UK. This has been true for the last four years. Travel times have increased by 4% in the last two years. Applying the principle finding of the Eddington Report 2006, this change over the last two years will cost the UK economy an additional £2bn per year going forward even without further deterioration. Additional travel times are matched by a greater unreliability of travel times.

Knowing demand and road capacity, can we predict travel times?

We will look briefly at previous partial solutions and the abundance of motorway data in the UK. Can we make a breakthrough to achieve real-time predictions?

In recent years, Ardakov and Wadsley have been interested in extending the classical theory of Beilinson-Bernstein localisation to different contexts. The classical proof relies on fundamental geometric properties of the dual nilcone of a semisimple Lie algebra; in particular, finding a nice desingularisation of the nilcone and demonstrating that it is normal. I will attempt to explain the relationship between these properties and the proof, and discuss some areas of my own work, which focuses on proving analogues of these results in the case where the characteristic of the ground field K is bad.

I will discuss results on the characterization of minimal weights of mod-p Hilbert modular forms using results on stratifications of Hilbert Modular Varieties.  This is joint work with Fred Diamond.