Past

The study of representation growth of infinite groups asks how the

numbers of (suitable equivalence classes of) irreducible n-dimensional

representations of a given group behave as n tends to infinity. Recent

works in this young subject area have exhibited interesting arithmetic

and analytical properties of these sequences, often in the context of

semi-simple arithmetic groups.

In my talk I will present results on the representation growth of some

classes of finitely generated nilpotent groups. They draw on methods

from the theory of zeta functions of groups, the (Kirillov-Howe)

coadjoint orbit formalism for nilpotent groups, and the combinatorics

of (finite) Coxeter groups.

The Kerr solutions to Einstein's equations describe rotating black holes. For the wave equation in flat-space and outside the non-rotating, Schwarzschild black holes, one method for proving decay is the vector-field method, which uses the energy-momentum tensor and vector-fields. Outside the Schwarzschild black hole, a key intermediate step in proving decay involved proving a Morawetz estimate using a vector-field which pointed away from the photon sphere, where null geodesics orbit the black hole. Outside the Kerr black hole, the photon orbits have a more complicated structure. By using the hidden symmetry of Kerr, we can replace the Morawetz vector-field by a fifth-order operator which, in an appropriate sense, points away from the photon orbits. This allows us to prove the necessary Morawetz estimate. From this we can prove a decay estimate of almost $t^{-1}$ for fixed $r$ and the corresponding decay rates at the event horizon and null infinity. The major innovation in this result is that, by using the hidden symmetries with the energy-momentum, we can avoid taking Fourier tranforms in time.

This is joint work with Lars Andersson.

This work in collaboration with J. Casado-Díaz deals with the asymptotic behaviour of two-dimensional linear conduction problems for which the sequence of conductivity matrices is bounded from below but not necessarily from above. On the one hand, we prove an extension in dimension two of the classical div-curl lemma, which allows us to derive a H-convergence type result for any L¹-bounded sequence of conductivity matrices. On the other hand, we obtain a uniform convergence result satisfied by the minimisers of a sequence of two-dimensional diffusion energies. This implies the closure for the L²-strong topology of $\Gamma$-convergence of the sets of equicoercive diffusion energies without assuming any bound from above. A few counter-examples in dimension three, connected with the appearance of non-local effects, show the specificity of dimension two in the two previous compactness results.

Can investors with irrational beliefs be neglected as long as they are rational on average ? Does unbiased disagreement lead to trades that cancel out with no consequences on prices, as implicitly assumed by the traditional models ? We show in this paper that there is an important impact of unbiased disagreement on the behavior of financial markets, even though the pricing formulas are "on average" (over the states of the world) unchanged. In particular we obtain time varying, mean reverting and countercyclical (instead of constant in the standard model) market prices of risk, mean reverting and procyclical (instead of constant) risk free rates, decreasing (instead of flat) yield curves in the long run, possibly higher returns and higher risk premia in the long run (instead of a flat structure), momentum in stock returns in the short run, more variance on the state price density, time and state varying (instead of constant) risk sharing rules, as well as more important and procyclical trading volumes. These features seem consistent with the actual (or desirable) behavior of financial markets and only result from the introduction of unbiased disagreement.

Inverse problems are often ill-posed, with solutions that depend sensitively on data. Regularization of some form is often used to counteract this. I will describe an approach to regularization, based on a Bayesian formulation of the problem, which leads to a notion of well-posedness for inverse problems, at the level of probability measures.

The stability which results from this well-posedness may be used as the basis for understanding approximation of inverse problems in finite dimensional spaces. I will describe a theory which carries out this program.

The ideas will be illustrated with the classical inverse problem for the heat equation, and then applied to so more complicated inverse problems arising in data assimilation, such as determining the initial condition for the Navier-Stokes equation from observations.

I will present a new proof of Mumford's conjecture on the rational cohomology of moduli spaces of curves, which is substantially different from those given by Madsen--Weiss and Galatius--Madsen--Tillmann--Weiss: in particular, it makes no use of Harer--Ivanov stability for the homology of mapping class groups, which played a decisive role in the previously known proofs. This talk represents joint work with Soren Galatius.

Presheaves on categories crop up everywhere! In this talk, I'll give a

gentle introduction to 2-categories, and discuss the notion of a

presheaf on a 2-category. In particular, we'll consider which

2-categories such a presheaf might take values in. Only a little

familiarity with the notion of a category will be assumed!

Triply graded link homology (introduced by Khovanov and Rozansky) is a

categorification of the HOMFLYPT polynomial. In this talk I will discuss

recent joint work with Ben Webster which gives a geometric construction of this invariant in terms of equivariant constructible sheaves. In this

framework the Reidemeister moves have quite natural geometric proofs. A

generalisation of this construction yields a categorification of the

coloured HOMFLYPT polynomial, constructed (conjecturally) by Mackay, Stosic and Vaz. I will also describe how this approach leads to a natural formula for the Jones-Ocneanu trace in terms of the intersection cohomology of Schubert varieties in the special linear group.